Replacement of fish oil with vegetable oils in diets for jundiá (Rhamdia quelen Quoy and Gaimard 1824): effects on performance and whole body fatty acid composition

Abstract

The jundia Ł (Rhamdia quelen) is a siluriform with great potential for aquaculture in South America. Fish oil is a raw material in diets for ¢sh. However, the ¢sheries that provide ¢sh oil have reached their limit of sustainability. Thus, the use of alternative sources for this ingredient is primordial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and body composition of the jundia Ł fed with di¡erent sources of the vegetable oils. Jundia Ł (1.0 AE 0.2 g) were fed for 31 days with ¢ve isonitrogenous (37%) and isoenergetic (19 kJ g À1 ) diets, in which the following oils were added: 50 g kg À1 corn oil (CO), 50 g kg À1 ¢sh oil (FO), 50 g kg À1 linseed oil (LO), 33.4 g kg À1 ¢sh oil and16.7 g kg À1 linseed oil (1/3LO),16.7 g kg À1 ¢sh oil and 33.4 g kg À1 linseed oil (2/3LO). The performance did not show di¡erences between treatments. The ¢nal fatty acid pro¢le and n-3/n-6 ratio of the ¢sh were highly in£uenced by the diet. Fishfed diets with linseed and/or ¢sh oil showed superior n-3/n-6 ratios to the minimal recommended by the World Health Organization; whereas ¢sh fed diets with corn oil showed an inferior value. Albeit in the present study the commercial size of ¢sh was not attained, these results show a clear tendency. The desaturation/elongation capacity was evidenced, in this species, for the ¢rst time. Linseed oil can be utilized as a substitute for ¢sh oil in diets of jundia Ł without a¡ecting their performance and for producing goodquality ¢sh. However, more studies are necessary to con¢rm these results for commercial size. Performance of Jundia Ł fed on di¡erent dietary lipids R J Vargas et al. Aquaculture Research, 2008, 39, 657^665 r 2008 The Authors à AVIPAL, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. wIRGOVEL, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. zETNA, Canoas, RS, Brazil. ‰Giovelli Industria De Oleos Vegetais, Guaran|¤ das Misso ì es, RS, Brazil.zDigestible energy (kJ g -1 ) 5 (23.6 kJ g -1  %protein  0.9)1(39.8 kJ g -1  %lipid  0.85)1(17.2 kJ g -1  %carbohydrate  0.5) (Jobling 1983). kDigestible protein (DP) 5 0.9  %protein (Jobling 1983). HUFA, highly unsaturated fatty acid. Aquaculture Research, 2008, 39, 657^665 Performance of Jundia Ł fed on di¡erent dietary lipids R J Vargas et al. r 2008 The Authors Journal Compilation r 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Aquaculture Research, 39, 657^665 à Means (n 5 2) AE SD, with di¡erent letters in the same line are signi¢cantly di¡erent according to Tukey test (Po0.05). Only ¢sh of ¢nal treatments were including in the ANOVA. An SD 5 0.0 implies an SD of o0.05. wANOVA, one-way analysis of variance; CO, corn oil; FO, ¢sh oil; LO, linseed oil; SAT, saturated fatty acids; MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; HUFAs, highly unsaturated fatty acids. Aquaculture Research, 2008, 39, 657^665 Performance of Jundia Ł fed on di¡erent dietary lipids R J Vargas et al.

Kinetics of chronic inflammation in Nile tilapia fed n‑3 and n‑6 essential fatty acids

“…Therefore, productive performance of Nile tilapia supplemented with (Bell et al, 2003;Mourent et al, 2005;Vargas et al, 2008).…”

Seeds of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis, Euphorbiaceae) as a feed ingredient for juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, and matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Characidae)

“…Like other vertebrates, fish cannot produce linoleic (18:2 n-6) and linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) and therefore need to obtain these essential fatty acids from their diet, according to species-specific requirements (New 1987;Valenzuela et al 2014). Fish can convert 18-carbon PUFA into highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) of the same omega 3 series, namely eicosapentanoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and docosaexanoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3) (Vargas et al 2008;Tanamati et al 2009;Kamarudin et al 2012). In human nutrition, HUFAs are associated with the prevention Table 2.…”

“…Flaxseed oil is a potential candidate for use in tropical fish feed. In fact, the carcass quality of jundias (Rhamdia quelen) improved with dietary flaxseed inclusion (Vargas et al 2008). In addition, vegetable ingredients can be more suitable than those of animal origin.…”

Effect of the inclusion of fish residue oils in diets on the fatty acid profile of muscles of males and females lambari (Astyanax altiparanae)

“…It is suggested that lambari have the capacity of elongation and desaturation due to a greater presence of DHA and a decrease in linolenic acid levels found in the muscle tissue than in diets with soybean oil and tilapia residue oil, for both sexes. This fact was also evident in other Brazilian species of freshwater fish, such as pintado, Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (Martino et al, 2002;Tanamati et al, 2009); jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (Vargas et al, 2008); pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Tanamati et al, 2009); and matrinxã, Brycon cephalus (Almeida & Franco, 2007).…”

“…Studies conducted by Izquierdo et al (2003), Martínez-Llorens et al (2007), Martino et al (2002) and Vargas et al (2008) verified that the fatty acid profile of the diet reflects on the composition of fatty acids in fish tissue. Linoleic acid (C18: 2n-6) was found at higher levels among the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oils and the experimental diets, except for salmon oil, which showed to have a higher concentration of DHA.…”