Replacement of maxillary and mandibular molars with single endosseous implant restorations: A retrospective study

Mechanics of the taper integrated screwed-in (TIS) abutments used in dental implants

“…The screw preload as a function of relevant torque values can be obtained from equations (6) and (11). Various preload conditions, for the ITI-like system, have been described in Figure 9; the preload Figure 9.…”

“…8,9 Inadequate preload, the misfit of the mating components and rotational characteristics of the screws were considered to be the reasons leading to screw loosening or fracture. 9 Design improvements and using gold, as screw material, resulted in significant improvements 1 in the loosening incidences encountered early on, in systems using titanium retention screws 10,11 . Application of a sufficiently high tightening torque has also been shown to have a positive effect in preventing retention-screw loosening incidences, in a five year follow up study.…”

The Effect of Implant Diameter, Restoration Design, and Occlusal Table Variations on Screw Loosening of Posterior Single-tooth Implant Restorations

“…[11][12][13] The greatest amount of force is generated in the first molar region during mastication, with the chewing occurring predominantly in the first molar and second premolar regions. 14, 15 Becker et al 16 presented the results of a retrospective analysis, which represented the first report of replacing single molars with implant-supported prostheses. Loosening of the gold retaining screws was the main complication.…”

Treatment planning of implants in posterior quadrants

“…Multiple studies of at least five years' duration demonstrate a higher survival rate than other methods of tooth replacement. [2][3][4][5] Introduction of implants in posterior quadrants reduced the risk of fixed partial dentures which challenged the support available from teeth, the retention and resistance form of abutments and the limitations of the materials available to fabricate these prostheses. Situations where compromised abutment teeth were incorporated into prostheses could be avoided when abutment teeth were not available; long span fixed partial dentures were no longer fabricated.…”

“…Due to advances in bone augmentation techniques, sinus floor elevation and distraction osteogenesis virtually no limits exist to placement of implants. [6][7][8] The broad use of implants in posterior quadrants is not exclusively based on favourable long term reports; [3][4][5] other factors such as biomechanical advantages and the availability of prefabricated components have made this treatment modality appealing to the clinician.…”