Replacement value of cottonseed meal for soybean meal in broiler chicken diets with or without microbial enzymes

Abstract

A 4×2 factorial feeding trial was designed to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with cottonseed meal (CSM) in wheat/sorghum/SBM-based diets fed with or without microbial enzymes in diets on the performance, visceral organ development and digestibility of nutrients of broiler chickens. Four graded levels of CSM -none (0%), low (4%, 8%, and 12%), medium (5%, 10%, and 15%), and high (6%, 12%, and 18%) of complete diets in starter, grower and finisher, respectively were fed with or without 100 mg/kg of xylanase and β-glucanase blend. Eight isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated using least-cost method to meet the nutrient specifications of Ross 308 male broilers. Each treatment was randomly assigned to 6 replicates (10 birds per replicate). There were CSM-enzyme interactions (p < 0.05) on feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) in the starter phase. Enzyme supplementation improved (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the grower and finisher phases, and increased WG in growing and finishing birds. CSM inclusion reduced (p < 0.05) the weight of gizzard and proventriculus in starter chicks, while these organs were bigger (p < 0.05) in the grower phase. The test ingredient decreased (p < 0.05) small intestinal weight in starter and grower birds. The CSM increased the absolute weight of thighs (p < 0.05) while breast meat was increased (p < 0.01) by enzyme addition. Starch digestibility was improved (p < 0.01) by enzyme inclusion and decreased (p < 0.01) by CSM. Enzyme supplementation improved (p < 0.05) the ileal digestibility of gross energy and protein. The results demonstrate that CSM can substitute up to 90% SBM in broiler chicken diets without compromising performance, and the nutritive value of CSM-containing diets can effectively be improved by enzyme supplementation.

Endogenous Enzyme Activities, Digestibility of Nutrients and Digestive Physiology as Affected by High Inclusion of Cottonseed Meal in Broiler Chicken Diets

“…It was previously reported that incorporating a xylanase and βglucanase in a diet based on corn-and wheat increased starch digestibility [39], this may be due to the role of β-gluca-nase and xylanase in releasing more unavailable nutrients from cell walls existing in many dietary ingredients [40]. Digestibility of CP enhanced by test enzyme in this study as part of enzyme activity on reducing the negative impact of gossypol, which supports [41] result who concluded that CP and starch digestibility increased in broiler chickens fed CSM-containing diets with xylanase and β-glucanase blend.…”

Total replacement of soybean meal with alternative plant-based ingredients and a combination of feed additives in broiler diets from 1 day of age during the whole growing period

“…Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (mainly xylanase and β-glucanase) are increasingly being used in combination with phytase to improve fiber digestion in diets containing RSM, with variable results. Mushtaq et al (2007) reported no significant effect of a xylanase–β-glucanase combination added to corn and SBM-based diets containing 2 levels of RSM (20% and 30%) on growth performance during 0 to 42 d of age, whereas the study by Abdallh et al (2020) reported that xylanase–β-glucanase supplementation of diets containing 3 levels of CSM as a replacement for SBM (up to a maximum of 6, 12, and 18% CSM in starter, grower and finisher phases) improved FCR and increased weight gain in grower and finisher phases compared to unsupplemented diets. Meanwhile, protease can improve protein digestibility, particularly in low CP diets ( Angel et al, 2011 ; Mohammadigheisar and Kim, 2018 ).…”

“…In wholly vegetable diets, SBM-alternatives must be plant-based, deliver a similar digestible AA profile in the total ration to diets based on SBM and exhibit a proven capacity to maintain growth performance when used in commercial diets. Potential alternatives include rapeseed meal ( RSM ; in some regions referred to as canola meal [ CM ; Mushtaq et al, 2007 ; Xu et al, 2012 ; Payvastegan et al, 2017 ]), sunflower meal ( SFM ; Rama Rao et al, 2006 ; de Morais Oliveira et al, 2016 ), cottonseed meal ( CSM ; Abdallh et al, 2020 ), linseed meal ( Tamasgen et al, 2021 ), peas ( Bingol et al, 2016 ) and potato meal ( Sultana et al, 2016 ). Most studies to date have investigated the effect of partial rather than total SBM replacement.…”

“… Payvastegan et al (2017) similarly noted a linear reduction in BW gain ( BWG ) during 1 to 42 d of age with increasing inclusion of CM from 0 to 30% as a replacement for SBM in nutritionally adequate diets. Meanwhile, Abdallh et al (2020) reported that CSM could replace 26%, 55% and 100% of SBM during starter, grower and finisher phases, respectvely (6, 12, and 18% CSM in the diet) in broilers up to 35 d of age, whereas Henry et al (2001) reported impaired performance at 21 d of age with a CSM inclusion level of 20% in the diet (replacing 51% of SBM).…”

Optimization of Molasses and Soybean Meal Content to Enhance Tetramethylpyrazine Yield by Bacillus sp. TTMP20

“…Soybean meal is a by-product of the production of soybean oil, which has a high protein content, and it is widely used to manufacture animal feed and produce soy concentrate and antibiotics [ 24 , 25 ]. Soybean meal is the main economic component of soybean and accounts for 60% of its value [ 26 ]. Soybean meal, a cheap source of organic nitrogen, is a fermentation substrate with great potential.…”