Replacing caloric beverages with water or diet beverages for weight loss in adults: main results of the Choose Healthy Options Consciously Everyday (CHOICE) randomized clinical trial

Tate, Deborah F.; Turner‐McGrievy, Gabrielle; Lyons, Elizabeth; Stevens, June; Erickson, Karen A.; Polzien, Kristen; Diamond, Molly; Wang, Xiao Shan; Popkin, Barry M.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.026278

Cited by 302 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Therefore, interventions aimed at reducing added sugar intake should focus on these foods, especially sugar-sweetened beverages. As sugar-sweetened beverages contributed to half of the added sugar among consumers, reducing the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, such as by replacement with water or other low-energy beverages (40,41) , may lead to a considerable decrease in added sugar intake in the Australian population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

et al. 2016

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Previous studies in Australian children/adolescents and adults examining added sugar (AS) intake were based on now out-of-date national surveys. We aimed to examine the AS and free sugar (FS) intakes and the main food sources of AS among Australians, using plausible dietary data collected by a multiple-pass, 24-h recall, from the 2011-12 Australian Health Survey respondents (n 8202). AS and FS intakes were estimated using a previously published method, and as defined by the WHO, respectively. Food groups contributing to the AS intake were described and compared by age group and sex by one-way ANOVA. Linear regression was used to test for trends across age groups. Usual intake of FS (as percentage energy (%EFS)) was computed using a published method and compared with the WHO cut-off of <10 %EFS. The mean AS intake of the participants was 60·3 (SD 52·6) g/d. Sugar-sweetened beverages accounted for the greatest proportion of the AS intake of the Australian population (21·4 (SD 30·1) %), followed by sugar and sweet spreads (16·3 (SD 24·5) %) and cakes, biscuits, pastries and batterbased products (15·7 (SD 24·4) %). More than half of the study population exceeded the WHO's cut-off for FS, especially children and adolescents. Overall, 80-90 % of the daily AS intake came from high-sugar energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods. To conclude, the majority of Australian adults and children exceed the WHO recommendation for FS intake. Efforts to reduce AS intake should focus on energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

et al. 2016

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“…The outcome of those studies, though, does not differ overall from studies in which participants were not blinded to the intervention (e.g., 39,55) , indicating that in the context of attempted weight loss the effect of LCS is not undermined by awareness of LCS consumption. However, further research would be useful.…”

Section: Conjecture: Exposure To Sweetness Increases Desire For Sweetmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The one study (the CHOICE trial) that has looked at this found slightly, but not significantly, greater weight loss in the group switching to LCS (39) .…”

Section: Conjecture: Exposure To Sweetness Increases Desire For Sweetmentioning

confidence: 96%

The role of low-calorie sweeteners in the prevention and management of overweight and obesity: evidence v. conjecture

Rogers

2017

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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By virtue of reducing dietary energy density, low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) can be expected to decrease overall energy intake and thereby decrease body weight. Such effects will be limited by the amount of sugar replaced by LCS, and the dynamics of appetite and weight control (e.g., acute compensatory eating, and an increase in appetite and decrease in energy expenditure accompanying weight loss). Consistent with these predictions, short-term intervention studies show incomplete compensation for the consumption of LCS v. sugar, and longer-term intervention studies (from 4 weeks to 40 months duration) show small decreases in energy intake and body weight with LCS v. sugar. Despite this evidence, there are claims that LCS undermine weight management. Three claims are that: (1) LCS disrupt the learned control of energy intake (sweet taste confusion hypothesis); (2) exposure to sweetness increases desire for sweetness (sweet tooth hypothesis); (3) consumers might consciously overcompensate for ‘calories saved’ when they know they are consuming LCS (conscious overcompensation hypothesis). None of these claims stands up to close examination. In any case, the results of the intervention studies comparing LCS v. sugar indicate that the effect of energy dilution outweighs any tendency LCS might conceivably have to increase energy intake.

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“…11,12 In contrast, drinking plain water instead of SSBs is one approach for individuals trying to reduce dietary energy intake and thereby possibly benefit obesity prevention and control. [13][14][15] Hence, consuming water as part of a healthy diet (eg, one that contains fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat/reduced fat dairy, and lean meats) can aid weight management [13][14][15][16] and, if substituted for SSB consumption, also possibly avert the adverse consequences associated with SSB intake such as dental caries, 6 and avoid risks from high levels of SSBs such as developing obesity [2][3][4][5] and type 2 diabetes. 7 One approach for promoting water intake is to make free potable drinking water widely accessible in public facilities, including schools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Low Water Intake among US High School Students—National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study, 2010

Park¹,

Blanck²,

Sherry³

et al. 2012

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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Drinking plain water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages is one approach for reducing energy intake. Only a few studies have examined characteristics associated with plain water intake among US youth. The purpose of our cross-sectional study was to examine associations of demographic characteristics, weight status, dietary habits, and other behavior-related factors with plain water intake among a nationally representative sample of US high school students. The 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study data for 11,049 students in grades 9 through 12 were used. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for variables associated with low water intake (<3 times/day). Nationwide, 54% of high school students reported drinking water <3 times/day. Variables significantly associated with Address correspondence to: Sohyun Park, PhD, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341. spark3@cdc.gov. STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTERESTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript a greater odds for low water intake were age ≤15 years (OR 1.1), consuming <2 glasses/day of milk (OR 1.5), nondiet soda ≥1 time/day (OR 1.6), other sugar-sweetened beverages ≥1 time/day (OR 1.4), fruits and 100% fruit juice <2 times/day (OR 1.7), vegetables <3 times/day (OR 2.3), eating at fast-food restaurants 1 to 2 days/week and ≥3 days/week (OR 1.3 and OR 1.4, respectively), and being physically active ≥60 minutes/ day on <5 days/week (OR 1.6). Being obese was significantly associated with reduced odds for low water intake (OR 0.7). The findings of these significant associations of low water intake with poor diet quality, frequent fast-food restaurant use, and physical inactivity may be used to tailor intervention efforts to increase plain water intake as a substitute for sugar-sweetened beverages and to promote healthy lifestyles. KeywordsDrinking water; Dietary intake; Adolescents; Sugar-sweetened beverages; Television Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (Ssbs) are the largest source of added sugar and an important contributor of energy in the diet of US youth. 1 Consumption of SSBs has been associated with obesity, 2-5 dental caries, 6 type 2 diabetes, 7 poor mental health, 8,9 poor academic grades, 10 and displacement of nutrient-rich foods. 11,12 In contrast, drinking plain water instead of SSBs is one approach for individuals trying to reduce dietary energy intake and thereby possibly benefit obesity prevention and control. [13][14][15] Hence, consuming water as part of a healthy diet (eg, one that contains fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat/reduced fat dairy, and lean meats) can aid weight management [13][14][15][16] and, if substituted for SSB consumption, also possibly aver...

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Replacing caloric beverages with water or diet beverages for weight loss in adults: main results of the Choose Healthy Options Consciously Everyday (CHOICE) randomized clinical trial

Cited by 302 publications

References 46 publications

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

The role of low-calorie sweeteners in the prevention and management of overweight and obesity: evidence v. conjecture

Factors Associated with Low Water Intake among US High School Students—National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study, 2010

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