Replacing Hydroxyl Groups in Cotton Cellulose

Klein, Elias; Snowden, James E.

doi:10.1021/ie50577a040

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The major compositions of lignocellulosic fibres are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (see Figure 10), while the minor constituents include minerals, pectin, waxes and water-soluble components. The application of infrared spectroscopy in lignocellulosic fibres has a long history: The infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the hydroxyl groups of cellulose in the 1930's [53] and significant efforts were made in the 1950's to assign the different absorption maxima in the IR spectrum of cellulose [54][55][56][57][58][59]; The absorption maxima in the IR spectra of lignin were investigated from 1940's [60-61] through 1950's [62][63][64]; The characteristic absorption maxima of hemicellulose were studied during the 50's [65][66]. Fig.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Natural Fibres By Using Ftirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Natural Fibres

Fan¹,

Dai²,

Huang³

2012

Fourier Transform - Materials Analysis

406

248

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Natural Fibres By Using Ftirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Natural Fibres

Fan¹,

Dai²,

Huang³

2012

Fourier Transform - Materials Analysis

406

248

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“…Glycerol is a polyhydric alcohol, and by having three free hydroxyls (OH) groups, it can undergo many chemical reactions, and some compounds can be used to produce other derivatives. It has been found that the alcohol hydroxyl group (poor leaving group) can be converted into a good leaving group by replacing the hydroxyl group with a tosyl group [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Para-toluenesulphonyl chloride (p-TsCl) has been widely used as a tosylating agent over tosyl anhydride and p-tolunenesulphonic acid [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Azidated Glycerol as a New Low Temperature Stabilizer on the Colloidal Properties of Natural Rubber Latex: For Latex Marine Transportation

et al. 2023

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Natural rubber latex (NRL) is normally transported to a destination in colloid/liquid form. It requires large storage containers such as drums and the probability of latex leakage during transportation is high. This is prevalent especially when transporting latex by sea. To prevent latex spillage, the liquid form of NRL is transformed into solid/frozen latex by freezing. However, the coagulation/destabilization of NRL by freezing has been acknowledged as a problem for years. Therefore, this study proposed a new low temperature stabilizer named azidated glycerol (AG) to be incorporated in NRL liquid before the freezing process. AG was prepared by a chemical reaction of pure glycerol with sodium azide. NRL containing AG was then frozen at a temperature of −4 °C. After 24 h of freezing, the frozen latex was thawed at ambient temperature for 1 h followed by heating in a water bath at 40 °C for another 1 h. The regenerated latex was then allowed to stand at room temperature before testing. The effect of AG on the colloid properties before and after the freeze–thaw processes was studied. The production of AG was confirmed by the appearance of a peak in the range of 2160–2120 cm−1, corresponding to N=N=N stretching, confirming the introduction of an azide group into the glycerol molecule. Modifying NRL with AG did not significantly influence the TSC of latex. Increasing the AG content up to 0.4 phr resulted in an increase in MST from 699 s to 828 s. An AG content of 0.2 phr resulted in the highest anionically stabilized latex as indicated by zeta potential values of −59.63 mV (before freezing) and −56.27 mV (after thawing). It is concluded that the AG produced in this study can be used as an anti-freeze stabilizer for NRL and is suitable for latex marine transportation.

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“…Klein and Snowden [9] have shown how mesylated cotton can be the starting point in a series of reactions to replace the entire cellulosic hydroxyl group and introduce several new groups into the cellulose molecule. These types of reactions are also possible with tosylated cellulose as the initial material.…”

Section: Cottons Modified By Replacement Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phototenderization of cellulosic and synthetic fabrics treated with some vat dyes has been recognized and investigated for many years ( 2,3,6,7,8,9]. Venkataraman [13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy to Investigations of Cotton and Modified Cottons

O’Connor

DuPré

McCall

1958

Textile Research Journal

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The potassium bromide disc technique is being used for rapid, simple, and reproducible measurement of the infrared spectra, of modified cotton fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Applications of the procedure have demonstrated that chemical modification can be readily detected and identified and that the extent of treatment can be quantitatively estimated. Experiments have been designed to select bands most useful in investigations of cotton modified by esterification. etherification, or replacement reactions. The examples cited illustrate the potential usefulness of infrared absorption spectra to studies in this field. A list has been prepared of 50 infrared absorption bands (and correlations with vibrating groups which give rise to them) which summarize the spectral characteristics which have been found most useful in investigations of cottons modified by esterification, etherification, and replacement reactions.

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Replacing Hydroxyl Groups in Cotton Cellulose

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Natural Fibres

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Natural Fibres

The Influence of Azidated Glycerol as a New Low Temperature Stabilizer on the Colloidal Properties of Natural Rubber Latex: For Latex Marine Transportation

Applications of Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy to Investigations of Cotton and Modified Cottons

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