Replenishment of magma chambers: comparison of fluid-mechanic experiments with field relations

Snyder, Don; Tait, S.

doi:10.1007/s004100050123

Cited by 87 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…The injection of denser basalt into a lighter reservoir most likely produces viscous gravity currents spreading at the floor, leading to a stratified two-layer system 15 , except when excess momentum is available, which may induce fountaining 16 . Ensuing crystallization can lead to density inversion producing either local 17,18 or wholesale 19 overturning and associated mixing/mingling, depending on viscosity contrast 20 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Ensuing crystallization can lead to density inversion producing either local 17,18 or wholesale 19 overturning and associated mixing/mingling, depending on viscosity contrast 20 . Observations and fluid dynamical considerations [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] have shown that, in calcalkaline reservoirs, mixing/mingling most likely starts either from such boundary layer instabilities 17 , with centimetre to decimetre wavelength scale 18 , or from breakup of injected magma dykes 12 . These mechanisms readily explain enclave sizes as observed in plutonic or volcanic rocks 18,21 , that is, mingled magmas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work has considered magma mixing using analogical, numerical or experimental approaches [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] , which have all yielded valuable information on the fluid mechanics, leading to efficient stirring. However, the rigorous evaluation of the conditions favourable to intimate magma mixing has been hampered by the difficulty of simulating mixing at high pressure, and by the complex fluid-mechanical behaviour of magmas.…”

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On the conditions of magma mixing and its bearing on andesite production in the crust

et al. 2014

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Mixing between magmas is thought to affect a variety of processes, from the growth of continental crust to the triggering of volcanic eruptions, but its thermophysical viability remains unclear. Here, by using high-pressure mixing experiments and thermal calculations, we show that hybridization during single-intrusive events requires injection of high proportions of the replenishing magma during short periods, producing magmas with 55-58 wt% SiO 2 when the mafic end-member is basaltic. High strain rates and gas-rich conditions may produce more felsic hybrids. The incremental growth of crustal reservoirs limits the production of hybrids to the waning stage of pluton assembly and to small portions of it. Large-scale mixing appears to be more efficient at lower crustal conditions, but requires higher proportions of mafic melt, producing more mafic hybrids than in shallow reservoirs. Altogether, our results show that hybrid arc magmas correspond to periods of enhanced magma production at depth.

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On the conditions of magma mixing and its bearing on andesite production in the crust

et al. 2014

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“…If mafic magma enters slowly into a felsic magma chamber, it flows on the floor and creates mafic-felsic layering (Campbell & Turner 1989, Wiebe & Snyder 1993, Snyder & Tait 1995, Bergantz 2000, common in mafic silicic layered intrusions (Wiebe 1993a(Wiebe , 1996 or stratified composite intrusions (Wiebe & Collins 1998). This favors magma mingling (Campbell & Turner 1989) and consequent pillow formation by flow-front instability (Snyder & Tait 1995). If these processes take place in a shallowlevel intrusion, magma mingling is more probable to occur because of faster cooling (Pitcher 1993, Hall 1996.…”

Section: Magma Mingling and Mixing: Characteristics And Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its greater density, the mafic magma flows on the floor and accumulates in layers on the bottom of the felsic magma chamber (Campbell & Turner 1989). There the felsic magma is trapped between the mafic layers, forming cumulatic felsic layers (Wiebe 1993a, Snyder & Tait 1995, Wiebe & Collins 1998, Bergantz 2000.…”

Section: Central-western Zone: Mafic and Felsic Layeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mafic-silicic magma interaction in the layered 1.87 Ga Soukkio Complex in Mäntsälä, southern Finland

Eerola¹

2002

Bull Geol Soc Finland

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Plume‐ridge interaction via melt channelization at Galápagos and other near‐ridge hotspot provinces

Mittal

Richards

2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The interaction of mantle plume driven flow with upwelling flow due to a nearby mid‐ocean ridge occurs for many mantle plumes including Galápagos and Iceland. This interaction is typified by trace element and isotopic signatures demonstrating the “contamination” of normal ridge composition by relatively enriched plume material. However, another common signature of plume‐ridge interaction is volcanic lineaments linking ridges and nearby plumes, perhaps most conspicuously the Wolf‐Darwin lineament (WDL) at Galápagos and the Rodrigues Ridge (RR) at La Réunion. These enigmatic features remain unexplained. Plume‐ridge interaction is commonly modeled in terms of interaction between solid‐state plume flow and divergent ridge flow, but such models do not likely lead to the kind of solid‐state flow channelization that might explain narrow features such as the WDL and RR. Likewise, models involving tapping of anomalously hot and/or fertile asthenosphere between the plume and ridge due to lithospheric faulting appear to be inconsistent with a variety of evidence. We propose an alternative model in which the lineaments are the surface expressions of localized melt channels in the asthenosphere formed due to instabilities in a two‐phase partially molten system. A thermodynamic analysis shows that given the magma fluxes inferred to be associated with structures such as WDL and RR, these melt channels can be maintained over plume‐ridge distances up to ∼1000 km. These results suggest that plume‐ridge interaction in general, possibly including transport of plume‐derived material along ridge axes (e.g., Iceland), may involve transport in high‐melt‐fraction channels, as opposed to just solid‐state mantle flow.

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Replenishment of magma chambers: comparison of fluid-mechanic experiments with field relations

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

On the conditions of magma mixing and its bearing on andesite production in the crust

On the conditions of magma mixing and its bearing on andesite production in the crust

Mafic-silicic magma interaction in the layered 1.87 Ga Soukkio Complex in Mäntsälä, southern Finland

Plume‐ridge interaction via melt channelization at Galápagos and other near‐ridge hotspot provinces

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