Replica Techniques in Applied Electron Microscopy*

Bradley, D. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1959.tb04459.x

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Table 1 shows the creep-fatigue test parameters such as fatigue life fraction (fraction to the fracture cycle, N f ), cycle, test duration, and total hold time. To examine the morphology and crystal structure of the precipitates, a thin film specimen of carbon extraction replica was prepared and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [17]. The chemical composition of precipitates was analyzed by the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Coercivity of Tempered Ferritic Steel Subjected to Creep-Fatigue for Nondestructive Evaluation by Reversible Permeability

Kim¹

2020

Applied Sciences

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This study aims to characterize nondestructively the creep-fatigue damage of tempered ferritic steel by dynamic coercivity measured by reversible permeability. The creep-fatigue test was achieved under load control with a hold time of 60 s and 600 s. The dynamic coercivity based on the reversible magnetic permeability profiles was successfully obtained on top of the test specimen. Based on these results, we attempted to evaluate the creep-fatigue of tempered ferritic steel with the support of microstructural evaluation such as dislocations and precipitates. The dynamic coercivity decreases with fatigue life fraction and closely related to the number of Cr23C6 precipitates with N0.8 and the dislocation density with ρ0.4 In addition, Vickers’s hardness continuously decreased up to the failure deducing the softening of mechanical strength. In conclusion, it can nondestructively characterize the influence of the precipitates and dislocation density on the dynamic coercivity of ferritic steel during creep-fatigue.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Coercivity of Tempered Ferritic Steel Subjected to Creep-Fatigue for Nondestructive Evaluation by Reversible Permeability

Kim¹

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…Nearly all the single crystal specimens were mounted on a thin film of evaporated carbon, by allowing a drop of suspension to dry on a carbon coated glass slide. To make the carbon strip off easily onto a water surface, Bradley (1965) suggests adding detergent to the glass, then polishing it to leave a thin film. Siddall, (i960) recommended contaminating the glass in the evaporation chamber with hydrocarbon oil vapour.…”

Section: Specimen Mountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Microscopy of Crystalline Polymers

Grubb

1982

Developments in Crystalline Polymers—1

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This thesis describes the micro-structu re of crystalline polymers, particularly as revealed by electron microscopy, and also the effect of £he electron beam on the radiation sensitive specimens under various conditions.Polymer single crystals grown from dilute solution were used o for the radiation damage studies, as they are thin (100 A), and a 8 single preparation may contain 10 crystals of uniform properties.Preparations of polyethylene (PE), polyoscymethyl ene (PQM)» poly 4*me thy lpentene-1 (P4MP), nylon 6 and polyethylene oxide were characterized in the transmission electron microscope, confirming previous work for the most part. The scanning electron microscope, operating in its normal mode, showed even the thinnest single crystals clearly, when they were sedimented onto a metal coated substrate.Attempts to observe the 3-D pyramidal structure of PE single crystals j were unsuccessful* The crumpling seen when crystals floating on glycerol, or freely suspended from a En£ mesh, are irradiated in an electron microscope indicates that even if the structure were preserved, by freeze drying or however, it would be difficult to observe. Thicker, complex, crystals seemed more stable in the scanning electron microscope, and cannot be seen well in the transmission microscope.A Chart recorder, picoammeter and special faraday cup were fitted to a Siemens Elmiskop i for accurate beam current measurements , and dynamic recording of the varying intensity of polymer crystal images.

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Replica Techniques in Applied Electron Microscopy*

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Dynamic Coercivity of Tempered Ferritic Steel Subjected to Creep-Fatigue for Nondestructive Evaluation by Reversible Permeability

Dynamic Coercivity of Tempered Ferritic Steel Subjected to Creep-Fatigue for Nondestructive Evaluation by Reversible Permeability

Electron Microscopy of Crystalline Polymers

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