Replication Concepts for Bioenergy Research Experiments

Casler, Michael D.; Vermerris, Wilfred; Dixon, Richard A.

doi:10.1007/s12155-015-9580-7

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This is particularly true for perennial SRC with a larger scale and a longer duration of experimental plots compared to annual crops [25]. In order to minimise the spatial heterogeneity of the soil, a soil conductivity map was prepared for the experimental field (EM-38 electromagnetic soil conductivity meter).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

et al. 2017

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A short rotation coppice (SRC) with poplar was established in a randomised fertilisation experiment on sandy loam soil in Potsdam (Northeast Germany). The main objective of this study was to assess if negative environmental effects as nitrogen leaching and greenhouse gas emissions are enhanced by mineral nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied to poplar at rates of 0, 50 and 75 kg N ha −1 year −1 and how these effects are influenced by tree age with increasing number of rotation periods and cycles of organic matter decomposition and tree growth after each harvesting event. Between 2008 and 2012, the leaching of nitrate (NO 3 − ) was monitored with self-integrating accumulators over 6-month periods and the emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHG) nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were determined in closed gas chambers. During the first 4 years of the poplar SRC, most nitrogen was lost through NO 3 − leaching from the main root zone; however, there was no significant relationship to the rate of N fertilisation. On average, 5.8 kg N ha −1 year −1 (13.0 kg CO 2equ ) was leached from the root zone. Nitrogen leaching rates decreased in the course of the 4-year study parallel to an increase of the fine root biomass and the degree of mycorrhization. In contrast to N leaching, the loss of nitrogen by N 2 O emissions from the soil was very low with an average of 0.61 kg N ha −1 year −1 (182 kg CO 2equ ) and were also not affected by N fertilisation over the whole study period. Real CO 2 emissions from the poplar soil were two orders of magnitude higher ranging between 15,122 and 19,091 kg CO 2 ha −1 year −1 and followed the rotation period with enhanced emission rates in the years of harvest. As key-factors for NO 3 − leaching and N 2 O emissions, the time after planting and after harvest and the rotation period have been identified by a mixed effects model.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

et al. 2017

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“…Relocation, however, requires equality of the duration and growth stage exposed to each microclimate. Instead, fixing pot positions with randomly allocated treatments is preferable to reduce the unexpected side effects of pot movement (Casler et al., 2015). To ease the burden of repositioning the pots, we implemented pot‐based sensors that can detect changes in microclimate, such as illuminance and temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iPOTs: Internet of Things‐based pot system controlling optional treatment of soil water condition for plant phenotyping under drought stress

et al. 2021

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SUMMARY A cultivation facility that can assist users in controlling the soil water condition is needed for accurately phenotyping plants under drought stress in an artificial environment. Here we report the Internet of Things‐based pot system controlling optional treatment of soil water condition (iPOTs), an automatic irrigation system that mimics the drought condition in a growth chamber. The Wi‐Fi‐enabled iPOTs system allows water supply from the bottom of the pot, based on the soil water level set by the user, and automatically controls the soil water level at a desired depth. The iPOTs also allows users to monitor environmental parameters, such as soil temperature, air temperature, humidity, and light intensity, in each pot. To verify whether the iPOTs mimics the drought condition, we conducted a drought stress test on rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties and near‐isogenic lines, with diverse root system architecture, using the iPOTs system installed in a growth chamber. Similar to the results of a previous drought stress field trial, the growth of shallow‐rooted rice accessions was severely affected by drought stress compared with that of deep‐rooted accessions. The microclimate data obtained using the iPOTs system increased the accuracy of plant growth evaluation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that pot positions in the growth chamber had little impact on plant growth. Together, these results suggest that the iPOTs system is a reliable platform for phenotyping plants under drought stress.

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“…After individual tillers began producing new tillers, they were separated into two groups: one or two clones of each F 2 genotype assigned to each of two locations, DeKalb, IL (41.77 N) and Lafayette, IN (40.43 N). Seedlings were transplanted in July 2014 and arranged in an augmented experimental design with 10 blocks at each location, similar to the design that was previously described ( Casler et al, 2015 ). A total of 588 F 2 genotypes with one or two clonal replicates each were randomly assigned across the 10 blocks with all parents and grandparents included in each block as controls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study in Pseudo-F2 Populations of Switchgrass Identifies Genetic Loci Affecting Heading and Anthesis Dates

et al. 2018

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Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a native prairie grass and valuable bio-energy crop. The physiological change from juvenile to reproductive adult can draw important resources away from growth into producing reproductive structures, thereby limiting the growth potential of early flowering plants. Delaying the flowering of switchgrass is one approach by which to increase total biomass. The objective of this research was to identify genetic variants and candidate genes for controlling heading and anthesis in segregating switchgrass populations. Four pseudo-F2 populations (two pairs of reciprocal crosses) were developed from lowland (late flowering) and upland (early flowering) ecotypes, and heading and anthesis dates of these populations were collected in Lafayette, IN and DeKalb, IL in 2015 and 2016. Across 2 years, there was a 34- and 73-day difference in heading and a 52- and 75-day difference in anthesis at the Lafayette and DeKalb locations, respectively. A total of 37,901 single nucleotide polymorphisms obtained by exome capture sequencing of the populations were used in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) that identified five significant signals at three loci for heading and two loci for anthesis. Among them, a homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T on chromosome 5b associated with heading date was identified at the Lafayette location across 2 years. A homolog of ARABIDOPSIS PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5, a light modulator in the circadian clock associated with heading date was detected on chromosome 8a across locations and years. These results demonstrate that genetic variants related to floral development could lend themselves to a long-term goal of developing late flowering varieties of switchgrass with high biomass yield.

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Replication Concepts for Bioenergy Research Experiments

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

Environmental Effects over the First 2½ Rotation Periods of a Fertilised Poplar Short Rotation Coppice

iPOTs: Internet of Things‐based pot system controlling optional treatment of soil water condition for plant phenotyping under drought stress

Genome-Wide Association Study in Pseudo-F2 Populations of Switchgrass Identifies Genetic Loci Affecting Heading and Anthesis Dates

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