Replication of a tri-level model of anxiety and depression in a sample of young adults

Krämer, Alwin; Nj, Kelley; Chat, Iris Ka-Yi; Ks, Young; Nusslock, Robin; Mg, Craske; Zinbarg, Richard E.

doi:10.31234/osf.io/8mpd2

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Prior to the analysis relating to the experimental task described here, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test whether the tri-level symptom model (Prenoveau et al, 2010;Prenoveau, Haimann and Zinbarg, in preparation) provided a good fit to the selfreported symptom data in the current sample provided at the time of the behavioural testing session. These analyses are described in full in Kramer et al (2019, April 3). In brief, the CFA was conducted using Mplus version 8 statistical software treating all items as categorical using robust weighted least squares estimation (WLSMV) using all available information (i.e., accommodating missing data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive social feedback alters emotional ratings and reward valuation of neutral faces

Young

Hasratian

Parsons

et al. 2019

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Evaluation of facial and vocal emotional cues is vital in social interactions but can be highly influenced by characteristics of the observer, such as sex, age, and symptoms of affective disorders. Our evaluations of others’ emotional expressions are likely to change as we get to know them and anticipate how they are likely to behave. However, the role of associative learning in the evaluation of social cues remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether emotional ratings (valence and arousal) and reward valuation (“liking” and “wanting” measures) of neutral facial expressions can be altered through associative learning. We also examined whether emotional ratings and reward valuation varied with symptoms of anxiety and depression, disorders known to impair socio-affective functioning. Participants ( N = 324) were young adults, ranging in scores across dimensions of depression and anxiety symptoms: “general distress” (common to depression and anxiety), “anhedonia-apprehension” (more specific to depression), and “fears” (more specific to anxiety). They rated neutral faces and completed a probabilistic learning task that paired images of neutral faces with positive or negative social feedback. Results demonstrated that pairing neutral faces with positive social feedback increased ratings of arousal, valence, and reward valuation (both “liking” and “wanting”). Pairing neutral faces with negative feedback reduced valence ratings and reduced “wanting,” but did not impact arousal ratings or “liking.” Symptoms of general distress were associated with negative bias in valence ratings, symptoms of anhedonia-apprehension were associated with reduced “wanting,” and symptoms of fears were associated with altered accuracy over trials. Notably, the association between general distress and negative bias was reduced following the associative learning task. This suggests that disrupted evaluation of social cues can be improved through brief training.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive social feedback alters emotional ratings and reward valuation of neutral faces

Young

Hasratian

Parsons

et al. 2019

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Trilevel model factor scores were generated from 101 questionnaire items selected from self‐report symptom measures of anxiety and depression (for details, see Kramer et al, 2019; Young et al, 2020; and Table S1). As reported elsewhere (Kramer et al, 2019; Young et al, 2020), the CFA identified dimensions of general distress, fears and anhedonia‐apprehension, similar to findings in previous work. We extracted factor score estimates for these dimensions from the trilevel model for use in analyses presented here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We extracted factor score estimates for these dimensions from the trilevel model for use in analyses presented here. Factor score estimates in the full BrainMAPD sample ( N = 336; Kramer et al, 2019; Young et al, 2020) were quasi‐orthogonal and can consequently be considered statistically independent. Furthermore, within the sample reported here ( n = 101) factor score estimates were not significantly correlated with each other (general distress and fears, r (101) = .11, p = .277; general distress and anhedonia‐apprehension, r (101) = −.07, p = .480; fears and anhedonia‐apprehension, r (101) = .13, p = .205).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dimensional symptom measures of anxiety and depression were factor scores extracted from a dimensional model of anxiety and depression symptoms, the ‘trilevel model’ developed through exploratory and confirmatory factor (CFA) analyses in previous research (Kramer et al, 2019; Naragon‐Gainey et al, 2016; Prenoveau et al, 2010). The trilevel model is a hierarchical dimensional model that includes one broad factor common to both anxiety and depression (‘general distress’), as well as two intermediate factors: (i) ‘fears’, more common to anxiety disorders; and (ii) ‘anhedonia‐apprehension’ considered more common to depressive disorders (although symptoms of anhedonia are also common in some anxiety disorders, particularly generalised and social anxiety disorders; Brown et al, 1998; Kashdan, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual differences in threat and reward neural circuitry activation: Testing dimensional models of early adversity, anxiety and depression

Young

Ward

Vinograd

et al. 2022

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Altered functioning of the brain's threat and reward circuitry has been linked to early life adversity and to symptoms of anxiety and depression. To date, however, these relationships have been studied largely in isolation and in categorical‐based approaches. It is unclear to what extent early life adversity and psychopathology have unique effects on brain functioning during threat and reward processing. We examined functional brain activity during a face processing task in threat (amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex) and reward (ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex) regions of interest among a sample (N = 103) of young adults (aged 18–19 years) in relation to dimensional measures of early life adversity and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results demonstrated a significant association between higher scores on the deprivation adversity dimension and greater activation of reward neural circuitry during viewing of happy faces, with the largest effect sizes observed in the orbitofrontal cortex. We found no significant associations between the threat adversity dimension, or symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression, and neural activation in threat or reward circuitries. These results lend partial support to theories of adversity‐related alterations in neural activation and highlight the importance of testing dimensional models of adversity and psychopathology in large sample sizes to further our understanding of the biological processes implicated.

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“…To address depression symptoms we capitalized on the availability of participants' individual scores on factors of a Tri-level model of anxiety and depression (Kramer et al, 2019;Prenoveau et al, 2010) which identifies three factors that capture the structure of depression and anxiety at differing levels of breadth: a broad general distress factor, two intermediate factors capturing specific differences between fear-and misery-based disorders (e.g., a "Fears" factor and an "Anhedonia-Apprehension" factor), and narrower disorder-specific factors that may delineate among depression and anxiety diagnoses (see online supplemental materials for factor analytic methods of the parent study). Analyses utilized participants' scores on the Anhedonia-Apprehension factor, shown in the parent study sample to carry the highest (negative) loadings of self-report items related to positive affect (see Kramer et al, 2019 for details on factor items).…”

Section: Mood Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor sleep quality is significantly associated with effort but not temporal discounting of monetary rewards.

Boland¹,

Kelley²,

Chat³

et al. 2022

Motivation Science

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Experimental sleep deprivation has been shown to differentially affect behavioral indices of effort and temporal discounting, 2 domains of reward processing often observed to be impaired in depression. Experimental sleep deprivation is phenomenologically different from sleep deprivation in everyday life (e.g., poor quality sleep or habitual short sleep duration). Thus, experimental findings may not explain how sleep disturbance impacts reward processing in everyday life. The present study examined associations of past-month self-reported typical sleep quality and duration among 325 young adults who completed behavioral tasks of effort and temporal discounting. Analyses accounted for the potential influence of self-reported mood symptoms and reward sensitivity. Results showed that poorer sleep quality, but not shorter sleep duration, was associated with less preference for high effort/high reward choices on the Effort Expenditure for Reward task (EEfRT) and was significant when accounting for depression and reward sensitivity, neither of which significantly predicted effort. Neither poorer sleep quality nor shorter sleep duration was significantly associated with a preference for smaller, more immediate reward on a delay discounting task. Findings suggest sleep quality, irrespective of total hours of sleep, may independently affect reward-relevant effort, which may have implications for the study and treatment of depression.

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Replication of a tri-level model of anxiety and depression in a sample of young adults

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Positive social feedback alters emotional ratings and reward valuation of neutral faces

Positive social feedback alters emotional ratings and reward valuation of neutral faces

Individual differences in threat and reward neural circuitry activation: Testing dimensional models of early adversity, anxiety and depression

Poor sleep quality is significantly associated with effort but not temporal discounting of monetary rewards.

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