Replication of fouling in vitro in hollow fiber dialyzers by albumin immobilization

Kiguchi, Takayoshi; Tomisawa, Narumi; Yamashita, Akihiro C

doi:10.1007/s10047-022-01318-3

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, Yamamoto et al immobilized adhering proteins to the membrane with glutaraldehyde after dialysis experiments using bovine blood and evaluated the degree of fouling at each position of the dialyzer [ 28 ]. In our previous work, we have investigated a method of replicating the fouling in aqueous experiments under various immobilization conditions by using albumin as a foulant [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Membrane Surface Area on Solute Removal Performance of Dialyzers with Fouling

2022

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In a clinical situation, since membrane fouling often causes the reduction of solute removal performance of the dialyzer, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the dialyzer, considering the effects of fouling even in aqueous in vitro experiments that are useful for the better design of dialyzers. We replicated the membrane fouling by immobilizing albumin on the membrane in a dialyzer using glutaraldehyde as a stabilizer. The modules of various membrane surface areas with and without replication of the fouling were used for performance evaluation of solute (creatinine, vitamin B12, and inulin) removal in dialysis experiments in vitro. Clearances for these solutes in the modules with fouling were lower than those without fouling. Furthermore, the smaller the surface area, the larger the fouling effect was observed in all solutes. Calculated pressure distribution in a module by using a mathematical model showed that the solute removal performance might be greatly affected by the rate of internal filtration that enhances the solute removal, especially for larger solutes. The increase in the rate of internal filtration should contribute to improving the solute removal performance of the dialyzer, with a higher effect in modules with a larger membrane surface area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Membrane Surface Area on Solute Removal Performance of Dialyzers with Fouling

2022

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“…In order to foul the membrane, aqueous albumin solution (2.0 mg/mL) was prepared with a phosphate buffer at pH = 7.4 and was pumped into a dialyzer/diafilter at 200 mL/min and ultrafiltration was executed at 100 mL/min for 60 min, returning the ultrafiltrate back to the original albumin solution tank. After rinsing, the albumin was immobilized in or on the membrane by using 2.0% glutaraldehyde (GA, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co., Osaka, Japan) solution, in the way that we have previously reported [22], mimicking the clinical fouling due to plasma proteins (Figure 3). Then, the same ultrafiltration experiments with the aqueous dextran solution were performed to compare dynamic changes of solute transport after being fouled.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No relevant technique, however, has been reported to characterize the membrane structure quantitatively beyond the direct observation by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the use of mathematical models [17][18][19]. Moreover, since the performance of the dialyzer, especially for clearances of large solutes, is normally decreasing drastically during the treatment, we must pay a great deal of attention to the membrane fouling due to the adsorption of plasma proteins [20][21][22]. Then, the objective of this study is to devise a new in vitro evaluation technique to evaluate physicochemical structures of the membrane semi-quantitatively, before and after being fouled with aqueous albumin solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Quantitative Evaluation of Asymmetricity of Dialysis Membrane Using Forward and Backward Ultrafiltration

et al. 2022

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Performance of the dialysis membrane is strongly dependent upon the physicochemical structure of the membrane. The objective of this study is to devise a new in vitro evaluation technique to quantify the physicochemical structures of the membrane. Three commercial dialyzers with cellulose triacetate (CTA), asymmetric CTA (termed ATA®), and polyether sulfone (PES) membranes (Nipro Co., Osaka, Japan) were employed for investigation. Forward and backward ultrafiltration experiments were performed separately with aqueous vitamin B12 (MW 1355), α-chymotrypsin (MW 25,000), albumin (MW 66,000) and dextran solutions, introducing the test solution inside or outside the hollow fiber (HF), respectively. Sieving coefficients (s.c.) for these solutes were measured under the test solution flow rate of 200 mL/min and the ultrafiltration rate of 10 mL/min at 310 K, according to the guidelines provided by Japanese academic societies. We defined the ratio of s.c. in the backward ultrafiltration to that in the forward ultrafiltration and termed it the index for asymmetricity (IA). The IA values were unity for vitamin B12 and α-chymotrypsin in all three of the dialyzers. The IA values for albumin, however, were 1.0 in CTA, 1.9 in ATA®, and 3.9 in PES membranes, respectively, which corresponded well with the fact that CTA is homogeneous, whereas ATA® and PES are asymmetrical in structure. Moreover, the asymmetricity of ATA® and PES may be different by twofold. This fact was verified in continuous basis by employing dextran solution before and after being fouled with albumin. These findings may contribute to the development of a novel membrane for improved success of dialysis therapy.

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“…Although some sources of error or uncertainties should be considered, these relatively large albumin deposited/adsorbed mass cannot be overlooked. Kiguchi et al [ 43 ] used dilute aqueous albumin solution (4 g/L), recirculated through three types of PEPA and one PSf (polysulfone) HC filter, to simulate fouling and study-related clearance effects. Although an albumin layer was developed and immobilised, the deposited albumin mass was not determined.…”

Section: Studies On Quantification Of Albumin Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the total albumin losses during haemocatharsis

Karabelas

2024

J Artif Organs

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Excessive albumin losses during HC (haemocatharsis) are considered a potential cause of hypoalbuminemia—a key risk factor for mortality. This review on total albumin losses considers albumin “leaking” into the dialysate and losses due to protein/membrane interactions (i.e. adsorption, “secondary membrane formation” and denaturation). The former are fairly easy to determine, usually varying at the level of ~ 2 g to ~ 7 g albumin loss per session. Such values, commonly accepted as representative of the total albumin losses, are often quoted as limits/standards of permissible albumin loss per session. On albumin mass lost due to adsorption/deposition, which is the result of complicated interactions and rather difficult to determine, scant in vivo data exist and there is great uncertainty and confusion regarding their magnitude; this is possibly responsible for neglecting their contribution to the total losses at present. Yet, many relevant in vitro studies suggest that losses of albumin due to protein/membrane interactions are likely comparable to (or even greater than) those due to leaking, particularly in the currently favoured high-convection HDF (haemodiafiltration) treatment. Therefore, it is emphasised that top research priority should be given to resolve these issues, primarily by developing appropriate/facile in vivo test-methods and related analytical techniques.

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Replication of fouling in vitro in hollow fiber dialyzers by albumin immobilization

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Membrane Surface Area on Solute Removal Performance of Dialyzers with Fouling

Effect of Membrane Surface Area on Solute Removal Performance of Dialyzers with Fouling

Semi-Quantitative Evaluation of Asymmetricity of Dialysis Membrane Using Forward and Backward Ultrafiltration

On the total albumin losses during haemocatharsis

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