Replication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in trout leucocytes and detection of the carrier state

Yu, Kui; Macdonald, Richard D.; Moore, A. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1982.tb00496.x

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In general, negligible levels of virus and few virus-positive fish were detected in assays of plasma from spawning and post-spawning fish. Our results with the plasma fraction corresponded with the results of Yu et al (1982) and Swanson & Gillespie (1982) who also found that, at best, virus was found infrequently in plasma in both naturally and experimentally infected fish. The results from white cell blood fractions were highly variable compared to those from sex products and tissues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Wolf et al (1963) were the first to demonstrate that IPNV could be detected in ovarian fluid, and McAllister et al (1987) showed that the cell and particulate components of ovarian fluid were particularly useful for detection of IPNV in asymptomatic fish. Swanson & Gillespie (1982) and Yu et al (1982) suggested that blood and blood fractions can be used for detection of IPNV in carrier and in experimentally infected fish, and Agius et al (1982Agius et al ( , 1983 and Hedrick et al (1986) evaluated different methods for processing tissue samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining the prevalence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in asymptomatic brook trout Salvetinus fontinalis. a study of clinical samples and processing methods

McAllister¹,

Wb²,

Owens³

et al. 1993

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Fluid and tissue specimens taken from brook trout by destructive and nondestructive methods were processed several ways to determine the suitability of the samples and the sensitivity and efficiency of the processing methods for determining the prevalence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). For detecting viral infectivity, the cell fraction of ovarian fluid, kidney + spleen samples, and pyloric caeca samples were essentially indistinguishable and gave the highest level of sensitivity wlth the supernatant fraction of ovarian fluid being the next h~g h e s t .The white blood cell fraction was vanable in delineating virus carriers, and virus titers of white cell fractions were several log,,, less than ovarian fluid or tissues. The plasma fraction was not s u~t a b l e for detecting IPKV. The choice of clinical sample and processing method affected detection of v~r a l infrctivity. O v a r~a n fluid samples had a tendency to show autointerference and inherent inhibition of viral infectivity, but llttle toxicity.Samples of kidney + spleen showed higher inherent inhibition and toxicity, but little autointerference.Samples of pyloric caeca showed the highest degree of toxicity, but little autointerference or inhibition of infectivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the prevalence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in asymptomatic brook trout Salvetinus fontinalis. a study of clinical samples and processing methods

McAllister¹,

Wb²,

Owens³

et al. 1993

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Phagocytes may also serve as host cells for different viruses. IPNV infection and replication in leukocytes from salmonids has been reported (Yu et al 1982, Knott & Munro 1986, Johansen & Sommer 1995b. We have previously reported that cultures of head kidney macrophages isolated from Atlantic salmon show reduced ability to produce intracellular O 2 -after infection by IPNV in vitro (Johansen & Sommer 1995a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus infection in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts affects the outcome of secondary infections with infectious salmon anaemia virus or Vibrio salmonicida

Johansen¹,

Sommer²

2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus (IPNV) infection in Atlantic salmonSalmo salar L. post-smolts and its influence on the outcome of secondary infections with infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) or Vibrio salmonicida were studied. The infections with ISAV or V. salmonicida were performed both in a period of acute IPN and in the following IPNV carrier stage, 3 and 6 to 8 wk after experimental IPNV challenge, respectively. An IPNV carrier condition at low virus titre did not influence the mortality rates after secondary infections. Neither the ISAV infection nor the V. salmonicida infection in experimentally induced IPNV carriers resulted in mortalities different from those observed after challenge of IPNV-free fish. At higher IPNV titres in Atlantic salmon with acute IPN, the outcome of secondary infections was quite different from that observed in IPNVfree fish and in IPNV carriers. In 2 different experiments significantly more fish died when fish with acute IPN were infected with V. salmonicida than when fish were infected with V. salmonicida alone. Mortality also started earlier in the double-infected group than in the group challenged with V. salmonicida alone, 3 to 4 and 8 d after V. salmonicida infection, respectively. Similar results were observed independent of whether mortalities due to IPN alone were registered in the experiments. When Atlantic salmon with acute IPN were infected with ISAV, significantly fewer fish died than when fish were infected with ISAV alone. The ongoing IPNV infection seemed to provide some protection against development of ISA. KEY WORDS: Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus · IPNV · Atlantic salmon · IPNV carriers · Coinfection · Vibrio salmonicida · Infectious salmon anaemia virus Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 47: [109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117] 2001 survival than parallel groups of trout not previously infected with IPNV (de Kinkelin et al. 1992). Furthermore, protection against IHNV in juvenile rainbow trout was registered for 4 wk after a cutthroat trout virus (CTV) infection (Hedrick et al.1994), while resistance to IHNV lasted up to 8 wk after a chum salmon reovirus (CSV) infection (La Patra et al. 1995). Reports on the interaction between viruses and bacteria in experimentally infected fish are rather few, but recently Lee et al. (1999) reported double infections with IPNV and Vibrio carchariae in grouper Epinephelus sp. No mortality was registered in fish experimentally infected with IPNV or V. carchariae alone. Only double-infected fish died, suggesting a mutual role of the 2 pathogens in disease development.There is still little knowledge about what influence an IPNV carrier condition may have on the general health of Atlantic salmon and the development of diseases. We have studied experimental IPNV infections in Atlantic salmon and potential influences on the outcome of both a viral and a bacterial secondary infection. To our knowledge this is the first report co...

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“…Detection of IPNV by co-cultivation of leuko cytes with a susceptible cell line has been reported by several authors (Swanson and Gillespie, 1982;Yu et al, 1982;Ahne and Thomson, 1986). Agius et al (1982) also described co-cultivation assays of head kidney cells isolated from IPNV survivors, on RTG-2 cell line, as a sensitive method to detect carriers.…”

Section: Detection Of Ipnv By Rt-pcr and Nested Pcrmentioning

confidence: 93%

Detection of Infections Pancreatic Necrosis Virus(IPNV) from Leukocytes of Carrier Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.

2001

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ABSTRACT--Blood and kidney leukocytes were purified from two-year-old rainbow trout carrying infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and the cells were processed to detect the virus by two methods: 1) indirect immunofluorescence stain followed by flow cytometry analysis, and 2) RT-PCR or nested-PCR amplification. These methods were compared with separate homogenization of visceral samples, followed by inoculation on cell cultures and seroneutralization, a procedure routinely employed by most disease diagnostic laboratories.IPNV was isolated by homogeniza tion of samples in all seven specimens examined.The assay took between 7 and 28 days required for the appearance of cytopathic effects, which is usual in subclinical samples. From purified leukocytes, IPNV was detected by RT-PCR in five out of the seven specimens. The nested-PCR improved the sensitivity of the assay and gave positive results for all the fish. In addition, flow cytometry demonstrated the presence of IPNV in all the fish in 8-24 h. Examination of leukocytes is a practical way of detecting IPNV and much less time-consuming than the homog enization technique.

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Replication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in trout leucocytes and detection of the carrier state

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Determining the prevalence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in asymptomatic brook trout Salvetinus fontinalis. a study of clinical samples and processing methods

Determining the prevalence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in asymptomatic brook trout Salvetinus fontinalis. a study of clinical samples and processing methods

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus infection in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts affects the outcome of secondary infections with infectious salmon anaemia virus or Vibrio salmonicida

Detection of Infections Pancreatic Necrosis Virus(IPNV) from Leukocytes of Carrier Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.

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