Reply

Abstract

Frank de Leeuw and John Kalchbrenner is in reference to an earlier article of ours in which we presented evidence bearing on familiar statements regarding the relative importance of monetary and fiscal actions in economic stabilization. In this "Reply" we present additional analysis and evidence relating directly to the issues they have raised. Summary of Issues Raised In our November 1968 article we estimated the response of total spending in the economy (an endogenous or dependent variable) to changes in alternative summary measures of monetary and fiscal actions (exogenous or independent variables). Dc Leeuw and Kalchbrenner suggest two criteria for choosing exogenous policy variables: (1) the variables must be under the control of polieymalcers; and (2) the variables must not be "terribly sensitive to current movements in the endogenous variables." They say that "failure to meet this second requirement has been a major criticism of regressions of GNP on the money supply." The use of the money supply as a measure of the influence of monetary actions will be discussed briefly at the end of this Reply.

Chemical Composition of Tobacco Leaves Altered by Near-Ultraviolet and Intensity of Visible Light

“…Greenhouse plants received sunlight through glass, which filters out part of the near-UV radiation (20). In addition, the activity of polyphenoloxidase, an enzyme for which several plant phenolics serve as substrates, was lower in greenhouse-grown than in field-grown tobacco leaves (2). Low energies of near-UV (300-400 nm), along with one intensity of visible radiation, resulted in about twice the concentrations of total soluble phenolics and chlorogenic acid isomers in tobacco leaves compared with those that did not receive near-UV radiation (1).…”

Zur Elektronenstruktur metallorganischer Komplexe der f‐Elemente. 67 Erstmalige parametrische Analyse des Absorptionsspektrums einer Molekülverbindung des CeIIIμ: Tris(η5‐tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)cer

“…5a) zeigt, daß die DV-Xα-Berechnung eine Totalaufspaltung der f 1 -Konfiguration ergibt, die nahezu doppelt so groß ist wie die experimentell ermittelte. Dies liegt sowohl an den um den Faktor 2 bis 3 größeren KF-Parametern als auch an dem für Ce III -Verbindungen ungewöhnlich großen ζ 4f -Parameter [30,36].…”

“…Werte erwartet. Vom Standpunkt der Größe von ζ 4f scheint demnach das KF-Aufspaltungsmuster A, vom Aspekt der Anpassungsqualität jedoch das von B (σ ϭ 7.1 cm Ϫ1 ) realistischer zu sein.Im Falle von Ce(1,3-C 5 H 3 tBu 2 ) 3 sind bei Raumtemperatur schwächere Signale mutmaßlicher f-f-Natur bei vergleichbaren Wellenzahlen wie bei 1 zu verzeichnen[30]. Das Hauptsignal bei ca.…”

Physician Visits by the Elderly: Testing the Andersen-Newman Framework

“…Attention here focuses on utilization by elderly individuals although the framework has been used fairly extensively in studies of the general population (e.g. Andersen andLaake, 1983, 1987;Berki and Ashcraft, 1979;Berki and Kobashigawa, 1976;Bice etal., 1972;Broyles etal., 1983;Goldfarbetal., 1983;Hershey et al, 1975;Kronenfeld, 1978Kronenfeld, , 1979Kuder and Levitz, 1985;Shortell et al, 1977;Tanner et al, 1983;Wan and Soifer, 1974;Wan and Yates, 1975;Wolinsky, 1978).…”