Reply: Matters Arising ‘Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors’

Bent, Brinnae; Enache, Oana; Goldstein, Benjamin A.; Kibbe, Warren A.; Dunn, Jessilyn

doi:10.1038/s41746-021-00409-4

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the visible light bands, the reflectance approximately changes linearly with the applied strain. Some similar results were also observed by Guzelsu, N., et al [ 16 ]. They believed that the change of skin reflectance is due to the reduction of skin surface roughness caused by stretching.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Dynamic model for the strain-modulated spectral reflectance of the human skin in vivo

Huo,

Wang,

Wei

et al. 2024

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) offers a wealth of information regarding human skin. In this study, we established a dynamic skin spectral reflectance model (DSSR) relating the reflectance to skin surface strain, considering multi physiological and physical parameters of the skin. Experimentally, by HSI, we measured the reflectance variance of the forearm skin in vivo caused by the surface strain, and assessed these key parameters. For the human skin in vivo, within the strain range covered in this paper, stretching increases spectral reflectance, while compression decreases it. Our proposed model provides a possibility for non-contact strain measurement and health monitoring on the skin in vivo based on HSI.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Dynamic model for the strain-modulated spectral reflectance of the human skin in vivo

Huo,

Wang,

Wei

et al. 2024

Biomed. Opt. Express

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“…In addition, there are some other aspects that may influence data quality which we did not further evaluate in this study. Prominently, the skin color of the subject has been a major point of discussion concerning the quality of PPG recordings 14 , 47 , 48 . As the sensor directly depends on reflectance properties of the skin tissue, different skin colors may change the overall signal quality of the recorded PPG data 49 , 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data quality evaluation in wearable monitoring

Böttcher

Vieluf

Bruno

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Wearable recordings of neurophysiological signals captured from the wrist offer enormous potential for seizure monitoring. Yet, data quality remains one of the most challenging factors that impact data reliability. We suggest a combined data quality assessment tool for the evaluation of multimodal wearable data. We analyzed data from patients with epilepsy from four epilepsy centers. Patients wore wristbands recording accelerometry, electrodermal activity, blood volume pulse, and skin temperature. We calculated data completeness and assessed the time the device was worn (on-body), and modality-specific signal quality scores. We included 37,166 h from 632 patients in the inpatient and 90,776 h from 39 patients in the outpatient setting. All modalities were affected by artifacts. Data loss was higher when using data streaming (up to 49% among inpatient cohorts, averaged across respective recordings) as compared to onboard device recording and storage (up to 9%). On-body scores, estimating the percentage of time a device was worn on the body, were consistently high across cohorts (more than 80%). Signal quality of some modalities, based on established indices, was higher at night than during the day. A uniformly reported data quality and multimodal signal quality index is feasible, makes study results more comparable, and contributes to the development of devices and evaluation routines necessary for seizure monitoring.

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“…Current studies exploring skin melanin content tend to have smaller numbers of participants with darker skin tones [51], [53], [114] raising concerns of misleading conclusions [64], [86]. Bent et al was the only study, to the best of the authors' knowledge, to have proportional distribution of skin tones [52], [123]. In addition, the current practice of classifying skin tone using the Fitzpatrick Skin Type Scale or the Von Luschan's chromatic scale, is a subjective process that may vary based on the administrator.…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the current practice of classifying skin tone using the Fitzpatrick Skin Type Scale or the Von Luschan's chromatic scale, is a subjective process that may vary based on the administrator. It has been suggested that an objective approach to skin tone classification using a spectrophotometer should be employed as the "gold standard" to eliminate the shortcomings of the current practice [86], however spectrophotometers are expensive preventing wide-spread adoption, and there is evidence that "skin color evaluation with a spectrophotometer is correlated with visual skin tone assessment" and that "in both objective and subjective measurement methods, human error may be introduced through improper measurement methodology" [123].…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%