Reply [to “Comment on ‘Magnetic field properties of Jupiter's tail at distances from 80 to 7500 Jovian radii’ by M. L. Goldstein, R. P. Lepping, and E. C. Sittler, Jr.”]

Goldstein, M. L.; Lepping, R. P.; Sittler, E. C.

doi:10.1029/ja091ia06p07133

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Using the present method, the shape of the coexistence curve is in good agreement with experiments, recovering the strong liquid-vapor asymmetry. Although the size of our simulation box prevents a closer approach to the critical point than about one per cent, our results clearly show a non-classical critical behavior, in agreement with experiment and previous theoretical predictions[15,16]. Near the critical point, the diameter ρ d = (ρ L + ρ V )/2ρ C is indicated in the figure and clearly shows the nonlinear behavior:ρ d − 1 ∝ |(T C − T )/T C | 1−α .…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Simple Model for the Phase Coexistence and Electrical Conductivity of Alkali Fluids

1995

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We report the first theoretical model for the alkali fluids which yields a liquid-vapor phase coexistence with the experimentally observed features and electrical conductivity estimates which are also in accord with observations.We have carried out a Monte Carlo simulation for a lattice gas model which allows an integrated study of the structural, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of metal-atom fluids. Although such a technique is applicable to both metallic and nonmetallic fluids, non-additive interactions due to valence electron delocalization are a crucial feature of the present model. PACS numbers: 61.25. Mv, 64.70.Fx, 71.30.+h Typeset using REVT E X 1

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Simple Model for the Phase Coexistence and Electrical Conductivity of Alkali Fluids

1995

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“…1 and 2). These muscle preparations are equivalent to our fixed in situ preparations of a previous study (12) in that both lattice forms were seen at the same Z spacing. The fine cross-connecting Z filaments are well preserved in these freeze-substituted preparations as well as with the slower glutaraldehyde fixation.…”

Section: Preservation Of Z Lattice Formsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Z band dynamics as a function of sarcomere length and the contractile state of muscle

et al. 1987

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The Z band in skeletal muscle has two distinct structural states--a relaxed (small square or ss) form and a maximally activated (basket weave or bw) form. We have examined by electron microscopy and optical diffraction Z lattice forms and dimensions and A band spacings in relaxed, tetanized, stretched, and stretched-and-tetanized rat soleus muscle. We have tested the independent contributions of passive load, active tension, and sarcomere length to Z band state. As the A band spacing decreased with increasing load and increasing sarcomere length in the untetanized muscles, the Z lattice remained in the ss form and the Z spacing changed only slightly. Computer-enhanced images from digitized electron micrographs showed that the ss Z lattice resisted deformation regardless of load or method of stretching. In contrast, when the muscle was tetanized at sarcomere lengths of up to 2.7 microns, the Z lattice assumed the bw form and the Z spacing was increased by 20%. Regardless of lattice form, Z spacing did not vary significantly with sarcomere length. Images from freeze-substituted preparations showed both lattice forms comparable to those in images from glutaraldehyde-fixed muscles. Thus, Z band state appears to be a function of the presence (or absence) of active tension. Our previous three-dimensional model is compatible with these observations and with the sub-structures revealed by computer-enhanced images of both lattice forms.

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“…Nevertheless, such an approach seems a suitable first step. It has been noted that near-critical effects in metal-atom fluids appear to be partially due to nonadditive effects in the interactions 19,20 , a feature we include in the model. Improvements to our model will certainly be possible.…”

Section: B Structural Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical models for the liquid-vapor and metal-nonmetal transitions of alkali fluids

1995

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Theoretical models for the liquid-vapor and metal-nonmetal transitions of alkali Buids are investigated. Plasma models are considered Grst but shown to be inadequate, apparently due to their inability to allow a microscopically consistent treatment of coexisting localization and delocalization of the valence electrons in the materials. An alternate approach is then studied in which each statistical configuration of the material is treated as inhomogeneous, with the energy of each ion being determined by its local environment. Nonadditive interactions, due to valence electron delocalization, are a crucial feature of the model. This alternate approach is implemented within a lattice-gas approximation which takes into account the observed mode of expansion in the materials of interest (a change in the average coordination rather than a change in the average nearest-neighbor distance) and which is able to treat the equilibrium density fluctuations. We have carried out grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, for this model, which allow a unified, self-consistent, study of the structural, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of alkali Buids. Applications to Cs, Rb, K, and Na yield results in good agreement with experimental observations.

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Reply [to “Comment on ‘Magnetic field properties of Jupiter's tail at distances from 80 to 7500 Jovian radii’ by M. L. Goldstein, R. P. Lepping, and E. C. Sittler, Jr.”]

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Simple Model for the Phase Coexistence and Electrical Conductivity of Alkali Fluids

Simple Model for the Phase Coexistence and Electrical Conductivity of Alkali Fluids

Z band dynamics as a function of sarcomere length and the contractile state of muscle

Theoretical models for the liquid-vapor and metal-nonmetal transitions of alkali fluids

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