Reply to letter “Leveraging e-learning for medical education in low- and middle-income countries”

Tretter, Justin T.; Ramachandran, P; Zheleva, Bistra; Boucher, Jackie L.; Carney, Sarah de Loizaga; Windram, Jonathan; Redington, Andrew N.; Kumar, Raman Krishna

doi:10.1017/s1047951120001213

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…You also played an instrumental role in creating content specifically aimed at educating providers in low-resource settings for the online educational platform Heart University (www.heartuniversity.org), often with minimal access to training resources. 11,12 Can you speak to how your vast experience in a wide spectrum of clinical and training settings has framed your perspective on education in congenital cardiac care? What can those practicing in resource-rich settings learn from those in resource-limited settings, and vice versa?…”

Section: Dr Marshallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global leadership in paediatric and congenital cardiac care: education and empowerment to improve outcomes in low- and middle-income countries – an interview with Krishna Kumar, MD, DM FAHA

2023

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Dr Krishna Kumar is the focus of our sixth in a series of interviews in Cardiology in the Young entitled, “Global Leadership in Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Care.” Dr Kumar was born in Raurkela, India. He attended medical school at Maulana Azad Medical College in New Delhi, graduating in 1984. Dr Kumar then went on to complete internal medicine, emergency medicine, and adult cardiology training at All India Institute of Medical Sciences in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. He then pursued paediatric cardiology training at Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA, USA. Dr Kumar began his clinical position as a paediatric cardiologist at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences in Kochi, Kerala, India. During his impressive career, Dr Kumar has made significant contributions to educational advancement, research and innovation, public health advocacy, and clinical care. Dr Kumar is credited for distinguishing paediatric cardiology as a distinct subspecialty in India. He was a founding member of the Pediatric Cardiology Society of India and the original editor of the society’s academic journal. Recognising the deficit of paediatric cardiology-trained physicians in low- and middle-income countries, Dr Kumar helped establish formal structured training programmes for paediatric cardiology in India. More recently, he established the Children’s HeartLink Fellowships in paediatric cardiac sciences at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences in Kochi and Institut Jantung Negara in Malaysia. Through educational programmes, Dr Kumar has taught countless caregivers and paediatricians, in India and neighbouring countries, the early identification and management of children with CHD. Dr Kumar has established a premier paediatric heart programme at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences. As department Chief, he emphasises the importance of teamwork, advocacy, and continuous quality improvement. He has developed numerous low-cost strategies for the management of CHD. He has established large community-based studies on rheumatic heart disease and CHD in South India. Dr Kumar’s focus on advocacy and policy change in India has made a substantial impact on early identification and treatment of CHD in the subcontinent. He has made a global impact on the care of paediatric cardiology patients through his educational programmes, research and innovation, large-scale research registries, and advocacy for public health policy changes. He is an incredibly humble and generous leader, and his patients and community are the source of his unending motivation.

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Section: Dr Marshallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global leadership in paediatric and congenital cardiac care: education and empowerment to improve outcomes in low- and middle-income countries – an interview with Krishna Kumar, MD, DM FAHA

2023

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“…Even with the increasing number of formal training programs in various low-and middle-income countries globally, a critical shortage remains of specialists trained to care for patients with CHD (54). Furthermore, those training in high-income countries and returning to practice in a low resource setting are not uncommonly confronted with clinical scenarios they may not have anticipated, nor were trained to manage (55). The significance of this shortage of CHD specialists in low resource settings is critical, because over 90% of the children in the world with CHD are born in low-and middle-income countries (56).…”

Section: Education In Low Resource Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…54 Furthermore, those training in high-income countries and returning to practice in a low resource setting are not uncommonly confronted with clinical scenarios they may not have anticipated, nor were trained to manage. 55 The significance of this shortage of congenital heart disease specialists in low resource settings is critical, because over 90% of the children in the world with congenital heart disease are born in lowand middle-income countries. 56 While additional barriers contribute to the persistent inequities in utilisation of congenital heart disease resources and interventions in low resource settings, the establishment and maintenance of formal training programmes in congenital heart disease remain a significant barrier.…”

Section: Education In Low Resource Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even more, it has the potential to address some of the educational barriers present in many low resource settings. 55,56 Assessment No dialogue on education and training would be complete without discussion of the critical nature of assessment in driving learning. The degree and extent of assessment vary markedly between different programmes and systems and over different time frames.…”

Section: Technology Enhanced-learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical education and training within congenital cardiology: current global status and future directions in a post COVID-19 world

et al. 2021

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Despite enormous strides in our field with respect to patient care, there has been surprisingly limited dialogue on how to train and educate the next generation of congenital cardiologists. This paper reviews the current status of training and evolving developments in medical education pertinent to congenital cardiology. The adoption of competency-based medical education has been lauded as a robust framework for contemporary medical education over the last two decades. However, inconsistencies in frameworks across different jurisdictions remain, and bridging gaps between competency frameworks and clinical practice has proved challenging. Entrustable professional activities have been proposed as a solution but integration of such activities into busy clinical cardiology practices will present its own challenges. Consequently, this pivot toward a more structured approach to medical education necessitates the widespread availability of appropriately trained medical educationalists; a development that will better inform curriculum development, instructional design, and assessment. Differentiation between superficial and deep learning, the vital role of rich formative feedback and coaching, should guide our trainees to become self-regulated learners, capable of critical reasoning yet retaining an awareness of uncertainty and ambiguity. Furthermore, disruptive innovations such as ‘technology enhanced learning’ may be leveraged to improve education, especially for trainees from low- and middle-income countries. Each of these initiatives will require resources, widespread advocacy and raised awareness, and publication of supporting data, and so it is especially gratifying that Cardiology in The Young has fostered a progressive approach, agreeing to publish one or two articles in each journal issue in this domain.

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Webinars reduce the environmental footprint of pediatric cardiology conferences

et al. 2021

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Background: Webinars have recently replaced in-person medical conferences, including paediatric cardiology conferences, given the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: With increasing environmental concerns, we analysed the differences between the environmental footprint of a paediatric cardiology webinar with a hypothetical conference. Travel data was collected, with assumptions made on the amount of computer use, internet use and accordingly the overall use of electricity for both forms of conference. Life Cycle Assessment methodology was used (OpenLCA and Ecovinvent v 3.7). Results: We showed that the theoretical environmental impact of a virtual conference is significantly less (4 tons CO2 equivalent) than the traditional international face-to-face conference (192 tons CO2 equivalent). The life cycle assessment methodology showed that resource use for a face-to-face conference lasting 2.5 days for 1374 attendees is equivalent to 400 times what an average person would use in one year, the climate change and photochemical ozone formation approximately 250 times and the eutrophication terrestrial equivalent to 225 times. However, using carbon equivalent emissions to measure environmental harm from flying is an under estimate of the potential damage, when one considers the additional production of airplane contrails. Notwithstanding this, there is a 98% reduction in climate change impact when meetings are held virtually. Conclusions: While the virtual conference may never completely replace the traditional in-person paediatric cardiology conference, due to networking benefits, the significant theoretical benefits to the environment highlighted in this study, warrants consideration for the virtual conference taking a more common place in sustainable academia.

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Reply to letter “Leveraging e-learning for medical education in low- and middle-income countries”

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Global leadership in paediatric and congenital cardiac care: education and empowerment to improve outcomes in low- and middle-income countries – an interview with Krishna Kumar, MD, DM FAHA

Global leadership in paediatric and congenital cardiac care: education and empowerment to improve outcomes in low- and middle-income countries – an interview with Krishna Kumar, MD, DM FAHA

Medical education and training within congenital cardiology: current global status and future directions in a post COVID-19 world

Webinars reduce the environmental footprint of pediatric cardiology conferences

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