Reply to Maggi et al

Barzon, Luisa; Squarzon, Laura; Militello, Valentina; Trevisan, Marta; Palù, Giorgio

doi:10.1086/651380

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Little is known about the cell tropism of this virus, but viral sequences are predominantly found in respiratory tract secretions, with prevalence ranging between 0.5 and 6.5 % (Babakir-Mina et al, 2013). KIPyV DNA has occasionally been amplified from paranasal tissue (Babakir-Mina et al, 2009b), tonsil (Babakir-Mina et al, 2009b;Astegiano et al, 2010), lymphoid tissue (Sharp et al, 2009), lung tissue (Babakir-Mina et al, 2009c;Teramoto et al, 2011), stool (Allander et al, 2007;Babakir-Mina et al, 2009a;Bialasiewicz et al, 2009;Kantola et al, 2009;Mourez et al, 2009;Li et al, 2013), brain (Barzon et al, 2009b), eyebrow hair (Hampras et al, 2015), normal skin (Hampras et al, 2015) and blood and plasma (Barzon et al, 2009a;Babakir-Mina et al, 2010;Csoma et al, 2012;Touinssi et al, 2013). Immunohistochemical assay of spleen tissue from a 42-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive male with a monoclonal antibody against the capsid protein VP1 of KIPyV stained positive, but the identity of the KIPyV VP1-positive cell type could not be determined (Siebrasse et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the non-coding control region of polyomavirus KI isolated from nasopharyngeal samples from patients with respiratory symptoms or infection and from blood from healthy blood donors in Norway

Song

Ghelue

Ludvigsen

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Seroepidemiological studies showed that the human polyomavirus KI (KIPyV) is common in the human population, with age-specific seroprevalence ranging from 40-90 %. Genome epidemiological analyses demonstrated that KIPyV DNA is predominantly found in respiratory tract samples of immunocompromised individuals and children suffering from respiratory diseases, but viral sequences have also been detected in brain, tonsil, lymphoid tissue studies, plasma, blood and faeces. Little is known about the sequence variation in the non-coding control region of KIPyV variants residing in different sites of the human body and whether specific strains dominate in certain parts of the world. In this study, we sequenced the non-coding control region (NCCR) of naturally occurring KIPyV variants in nasopharyngeal samples from patients with respiratory symptoms or infection and in blood from healthy donors in Norway. In total 86 sequences were obtained, 44 of which were identical to the original isolated Stockholm 60 variant. The remaining NCCRs contained one or several mutations, none of them previously reported. The same mutations were detected in NCCRs amplified from blood and nasopharyngeal samples. Some patients had different variants in their specimens. Transient transfection studies in HEK293 cells with a luciferase reporter plasmid demonstrated that some single mutations had a significant effect on the relative early and late promoter strength compared with the Stockholm 60 promoter. The effect of the NCCR mutations on viral replication and possible virulence properties remains to be established. INTRODUCTIONPolyomaviruses are non-enveloped viruses with a circular dsDNA genome of approximately 5000 bp. These viruses are common in birds and mammals, and recently the first complete fish polyomavirus genome has been published (Johne et al., 2011;Peretti et al., 2015). Their genome can †These authors contributed equally to this work.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences of the mutant NCCRs are KU564911-564952. ã 2016 The Authors Printed in Great Britain 1647Journal of General Virology (2016), 97, 1647-1657 DOI 10.1099 be divided into three functional regions: the early region, encoding regulatory proteins required for transcription and viral DNA replication; the late region, encoding the capsid proteins; and interspersed between these the non-coding control region (NCCR), encompassing the origin of replication and the promoters controlling transcription of the early and late genes, respectively (DeCaprio & Garcea, 2013). The first human polyomaviruses, BK and JC, were detected using histology or cytology followed by electron microscopy, and their existence was reported in 1971 (Gardner et al., 1971; Padgett et al., 1971). The development of new techniques such as high-throughput sequencing, rolling circle amplification and polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers has led in recent years to the discovery of new polyomaviruses that can infect humans. KI polyomavirus, named after the researchers' instit...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the non-coding control region of polyomavirus KI isolated from nasopharyngeal samples from patients with respiratory symptoms or infection and from blood from healthy blood donors in Norway

Song

Ghelue

Ludvigsen

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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“…The Oncologist ® immunomodulation. Cotransfection of human interleukin-2 and the HSV-tk gene in ATC cells, showing complete elimination in ATC xenograft [103]. In a pilot study of combined suicide and cytokine gene therapy in two patients with end-stage ATC, Barzon et al [104] discovered some promise in immune response and local tumor destruction with application of the therapy.…”

Section: Gene Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approaches in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Therapy

Hsu¹,

Yu²,

Audhya³

et al. 2014

The Oncologist

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Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), accounting for less than 2% of all thyroid cancer, is responsible for the majority of death from all thyroid malignancies and has a median survival of 6 months. The resistance of ATC to conventional thyroid cancer therapies, including radioiodine and thyroid‐stimulating hormone suppression, contributes to the very poor prognosis of this malignancy. This review will cover several cellular signaling pathways and mechanisms, including RET/PTC, RAS, BRAF, Notch, p53, and histone deacetylase, which are identified to play roles in the transformation and dedifferentiation process, and therapies that target these pathways. Lastly, novel approaches and agents involving the Notch1 pathway, nuclear factor κB, Trk‐fused gene, cancer stem‐like cells, mitochondrial mutation, and tumor immune microenvironment are discussed. With a better understanding of the biological process and treatment modality, the hope is to improve ATC outcome in the future.

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Reply to Maggi et al

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of the non-coding control region of polyomavirus KI isolated from nasopharyngeal samples from patients with respiratory symptoms or infection and from blood from healthy blood donors in Norway

Characterization of the non-coding control region of polyomavirus KI isolated from nasopharyngeal samples from patients with respiratory symptoms or infection and from blood from healthy blood donors in Norway

Novel Approaches in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Therapy

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