Reply to R. Jaenicke and L. Schütz

Prahm, L. P.; Torp, U.; Stern, R.

doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1977.tb00724.x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This result agrees with the conclusions drawn by L. Prahm et al (1976), based on observations of the concentrations of sulphur in the air at the Faroe Islands.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

On air‐borne transport of sulphur over the North Atlantic

Nyberg

Mason

1977

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The sulphur content in the precipitation collected on Ocean weather ships in the North Atlantic has been analysed. From these data and from the results of trajectory computations it is concluded that considerable amounts of anthropogenic sulphur are transported from North America towards Europe. The dry deposition of sulphur over the Atlantic must be. small except close to the emitting sources. The amount of sulphur in precipitation from air coming from the high pressure area near the Azores is very small. It is concluded that the normal global value of natural sulphur in precipitation can hardly be larger than 0.1 mg 1-'.

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“…This result agrees with the conclusions drawn by L. Prahm et al (1976), based on observations of the concentrations of sulphur in the air at the Faroe Islands.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

On air‐borne transport of sulphur over the North Atlantic

Nyberg

Mason

1977

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…The air-sea gas exchange rate of CO 2 at the air-water interface (FCO 2 , mol C m −2 year −1 ) is calculated using the diffusion-limited stagnant film model by Deacon (1977) given by…”

Section: Air-sea Gas Exchange Flux Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Sources and Sinks of CO₂ in the Global Coastal Ocean

Roobaert

Laruelle

Landschützer

et al. 2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

116

112

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In contrast to the open ocean, the sources and sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the coastal seas are poorly constrained and understood. Here we address this knowledge gap by analyzing the spatial and temporal variability of the coastal air‐sea flux of CO2 (FCO2) using a recent high‐resolution (0.25°) monthly climatology for coastal sea surface partial pressure in CO2 (pCO2). Coastal regions are characterized by CO2 sinks at temperate and high latitudes and by CO2 sources at low latitude and in the tropics, with annual mean CO2 flux densities comparable in magnitude and pattern to those of the adjacent open ocean with the exception of river‐dominated systems. The seasonal variations in FCO2 are large, often exceeding 2 mol C m−2 year−1, a magnitude similar to the variations exhibited across latitudes. The majority of these seasonal variations stems from the air‐sea pCO2 difference, although changes in wind speed and sea ice cover can also be significant regionally. Globally integrated, the coastal seas act currently as a CO2 sink of −0.20 ± 0.02 Pg C year−1, with a more intense uptake occurring in summer because of the disproportionate influence of high‐latitude shelves in the Northern Hemisphere. Combined with estimates of the carbon sinks in the open ocean and the Arctic, this gives for the global ocean, averaged over the 1998 to 2015 period an annual net CO2 uptake of −1.7 ± 0.3 Pg C year−1.

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“…Prahm and Christensen's model has probably received the most exposure. They were fairly successful in using it to explain daily averages of sulfate measured in Europe (17).…”

Section: Semi-empirical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%