“…Since the pioneering work of Bennett and Brassard in 1984 [1], quantum cryptography has attracted a great deal of attention and has become one of the most promising applications of quantum information processing. There are several remarkable branches of quantum cryptography, including quantum key distribution (QKD) [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], quantum secret sharing (QSS) [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], and secure multi-party computation (SMC) [28], [29], [30], [31], [32]. As one of the most important parts of quantum cryptographic protocols, the multi-party quantum cryptographic protocol (MQCP) which involves at least three participants, such as quantum private comparison (QPC) protocols and QSS protocols, are more complicated than the two-party ones.…”