Report of a Research Project on the Effects of Electric Grounding on Water Pipes

Eliassen, Rolf; Goldsmith, Philip

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1944.tb20036.x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Following receipt of this report, the East Bay Municipal Utility District, in the interest of public safety, issued a formal notice on Jan. 13,1960, to all governmental bodies and building inspection departments in its service area which emphasized that "the use of water piping systems as grounding electrodes can be dangerous," recommended the use of other means of grounding, and quoted its regulation, which warns, "the district is not responsible for providing an electrical ground through water service equipment. "…”

Section: Actions In Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Water Pipe as an Electric Ground: Joint Discussion

1961

Journal AWWA

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In this joint discussion, Lee B. Hertzberg states that water utilities have been “drafted” by the electric industry to provide, through water piping systems, a part of the electric utility system consisting of the ground connections to water pipe. The article provides a brief overview of the three original assumptions used by the electric utilities to justify such usage, along with a review of AWWA policy on electrical grounding, and a discussion of the findings of the American Research Committee on Grounding, the International Association of Electrical Inspectors's (IAEI's) special committee on grounding, and many other committees and individuals who investigated the grounding problem all prove conclusively that the three original assumptions used as a basis for grounding electric equipment to water service piping are now largely false. The article discusses how changing technology, and the use of nonmetallic materials by the water utilities has made water systems useless for electric‐grounding purposes. In the second part of this joint discussion, Arthur G. Clark of the Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety, provides a brief overview of what constitutes effective electric‐grounding. Clark disagrees with AWWA policy on grounding, but presents a good statement of the electrical inspection authority's viewpoint on the matter.

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Section: Actions In Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Water Pipe as an Electric Ground: Joint Discussion

1961

Journal AWWA

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“…Electrolysis. Eliassen and Goldsmith (18) showed that alternating or direct current flowing through a water pipe has only slight, if any, influence on the extent of corrosion occurring on the inside of the pipe. On the other hand, much information has been published which indicates that deep pitting will occur at those points where the electric current leaves a metal structure, such as a pipe passing through a wet corrosive soil or a corrosive solution.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Corrosion Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Wrought Copper and Copper-Base Alloys

Bulow¹

1947

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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towers and shows the operating conditions for units producing commercial acids up to 35 weight % hydrochloric acid.The call for hydrofluoric acid and fluoride salts created by the increased production of Freon, aviation gasoline, an aluminum foi war purposes was also instrumental in establishing broader applications for impervious graphite. Callaham (9) reports the use of Karbate coolers and pumps in the manufacture of hydrofluoricacid, and presents a corrosion table showing that carbon and INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY 120b ;ai and allied industries. Table III lists the physical properties >f the same group of alloys.The effect of alloying and cold working on copper and copperease alloys is clearly brought out in Table IV, which shows that the copper-base alloys are usually considerably' harder and Table I. Commercial Wrought Copper-Base Alloys .. Copper (various types) 2.Copper-aluminuea alloys (aluminum bronzes)3.Copper-aluminum-silicon alloys (aluminum-silicon bronzes'; t. Copper-beryllium alloys (beryllium copper) 5.Copper-nickel alloys (cupronickel) 3.Copper-nickel-zinc alloys (nickel silver) 7.Copper-silicon alloys (silicon bronzes) 3.Copper-tin alloys (tin bronzes) 9. Copper-zinc alloys (brasses) . Copper-zinc-aluminum alloys (aluminum brass) Cl. Copper-zinc-tin alloys (admiralty and naval brass)

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Grounding of Electric Circuits to Water Services: National Electrical Code Versus AWWA Policy

Steffan¹

1980

Journal AWWA

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Report of a Research Project on the Effects of Electric Grounding on Water Pipes

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Use of Water Pipe as an Electric Ground: Joint Discussion

Use of Water Pipe as an Electric Ground: Joint Discussion

Wrought Copper and Copper-Base Alloys

Grounding of Electric Circuits to Water Services: National Electrical Code Versus AWWA Policy

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