Report of Giardia assemblages and giardiasis in residents of Guilan province—Iran

Mahmoudi, Mahdi; Mahdavi, Farzad; Ashrafi, Keyhan; Forghanparast, Kambiz; Rahmati, Behnaz; Mirzaei, Asad; Roshan, Zahra Atrkar; Karanis, Panagiotis

doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06595-1

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In the genotypic characterization carried out in the study, genotype A infections (57%) predominated in the child population, and the distributions of the genotypes detected in the 35 fecal samples were similar to those reported in Mexico, Brazil, Peru, and Colombia (Cedillo-Rivera et al, 2003;Cooper et al, 2007;Ravid et al, 2007;Volota˜o et al, 2007). The foregoing result contrasts with studies conducted in Argentina, Canada, Ecuador, and Zambia (Polverino et al, 2006;Mahmoudi et al, 2020;Montenegro-Tobar, 2020;Tembo et al, 2020), where genotype B is the predominant type. On the other hand, these results from Colombia are striking in the context of previous studies, wherein Ravid et al (2007) reported the highest distribution of infection by genotype A, while Arroyo-Salgado et al (2014) andRodrı´guez et al (2014) reported that genotype B is the one with the greatest distribution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Giardia duodenalis Genotyping Not Linked to Clinical Symptomatology and Nutritional Status of School-Aged Children of Soledad and Galapa Municipality Schools, Atlántico, Colombia

Salas

Barrios²,

Gonzalez³

et al. 2022

Journal of Parasitology

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Giardia duodenalisGenotypes Children Giardiasis Malnutrition Clinical manifestations Giardia duodenalis genotypes A and B have been reported in Colombia. The population consisted of 235 schoolchildren whose ages ranged from 2 to 10 yr of age from the municipalities of Soledad and Galapa in the department of Atla´ntico, Colombia. Fecal samples were obtained and then analyzed in triplicate using the sedimentation in formalin-ether (Ritchie's method) and direct examination techniques. Of the 235 fecal samples, 35 samples were positive for G. duodenalis; positive samples were concentrated in a sucrose gradient and sonicated for 3 cycles of 20 sec. DNA extraction was performed, and the parasites were genotyped by conventional PCR amplifying a region of the bgiardin gene. A general prevalence of G. duodenalis of 13.2% was found, and of these genotyped samples, 13 (56.7%) and 7 (20%) corresponded to genotype A, 1 (4.3%), and 3 (25%) corresponded to genotype B, and 9 (39.1%) and 2 (16.7%) were not defined, in the municipalities Soledad and Galapa, respectively. Additionally, 23 children were diagnosed with symptomatologic giardiasis, and 12 were asymptomatic; the most relevant symptoms were abdominal pain (7, 20%) and diarrhea (13, 56.7%). The nutritional status of children with Giardia genotypes A and B were as follows: 3 in a state of malnutrition (10%), 10 normal (33.3%), and 6 overweight and obese (20%) with genotype A, and 1 in a state of malnutrition (3.3%) and 3 normal (10%) with genotype B. The genotypes found in G. duodenalis did not show an association with nutritional status or with the clinical manifestations evaluated in schoolchildren.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Giardia duodenalis Genotyping Not Linked to Clinical Symptomatology and Nutritional Status of School-Aged Children of Soledad and Galapa Municipality Schools, Atlántico, Colombia

Salas

Barrios²,

Gonzalez³

et al. 2022

Journal of Parasitology

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“…Assemblage B infections have a higher parasitic load and increased rate of cyst shedding which would explain the higher detection rates in comparison to assemblage A infections ( Kohli et al, 2008 ). Yet higher rates of assemblage A infections have been observed in countries such as Brazil ( Souza et al, 2007 ), Ethiopia ( Damitie et al, 2018 ), Iran ( Kasaei et al., 2018 ; Mahmoudi et al, 2020 ), New Zealand ( Winkworth et al., 2008 ), Syria ( Skhal et al., 2017 ) and Romania ( Costache et al., 2020 ). Due to limited molecular epidemiological studies of giardiasis in humans, an accurate geographical pattern for individual G. intestinalis assemblages cannot be concluded.…”

Section: International Prevalence Of Giardia Assem...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The controversies surrounding Giardia intestinalis assemblages A and B

Zajaczkowski

Lee

Fletcher-Lartey

et al. 2021

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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“…The prevalence of G . duodenalis in Iran has been even reported more than 30%; however, the prevalence rate may vary regarding the studied population and employed diagnostic methods [ 24 – 28 ]. Although among epidemiological surveys, G .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assemblage A is the predominant genetic lineage of G . duodenalis in humans in most of molecular studies in Iran [ 28 , 34 , 35 ]. In a study conducted by Sarkari et al [ 36 ], assemblage A was identified among 74.4% of Giardia -positive samples based on the amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of partial fragment of gdh gene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Giardia duodenalis is a prevalent protozoan, particularly in developing region, which infects humans and a board range of animals [13]. The prevalence of G. duodenalis in Iran has been even reported more than 30%; however, the prevalence rate may vary regarding the studied population and employed diagnostic methods [24][25][26][27][28]. Although among epidemiological surveys, G. duodenalis is one of the most frequently reported protozoan, our knowledge is still insufficient about the molecular epidemiology and circulating assemblages of the parasite in Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multigene typing of Giardia Duodenalis isolated from tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis subjects

et al. 2023

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Giardia duodenalis is a cryptic protozoan, which has eight assemblages (A-H). Assemblages A and B are the main genotypes reported from humans with probable anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission. The current study aimed to characterize G. duodenalis assemblages in tuberculosis (TB) patients and healthy subjects using multilocus genotyping (MLG). Thirty Giardia-positive stool samples, which were obtained from TB patients and healthy subjects were included in the study. After total DNA extraction, three β-giardin (bg), triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes were amplified and sequenced. Obtained sequences were compared to the GenBank database to characterize assemblages. Phylogenetic analysis using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Tamura 3-parameter was performed for each gene. From 30 Giardia-positive subjects, 17 (57%) and 13 (43%) were from healthy and TB-infected subjects, respectively. There was no significant co-existence of Giardia and tuberculosis (P-value = 0.051). In addition, 14 (46.7%) and 16 (53.3%) of Giardia isolates were from asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects, respectively. PCR amplification was successful in 25 single samples (83.3%) consisted of 20 for tpi, 15 for bg, and 13 for gdh genes. Accordingly, 13/25 (52%) and 8/25 (32%) belonged to assemblage A and assemblages B, respectively, whereas 4/25 (16%) were either assemblage A or B with different genes at the same time. Significant correlation between assemblages and TB, age, and symptoms was not seen. The phylogenetic analyses represented no separation based on TB and gastrointestinal symptoms. Assemblage A was the predominant genotype in samples. The high frequency of assemblage AII indicated importance of anthroponotic transmission of Giardia in both healthy and TB patients. In addition, considering the exclusive reports of sub-assemblage AIII in wild ruminants, the presence of AIII in the current study have to be carefully interpreted. The inconsistency between the assemblage results of either bg or gdh loci with tpi gene signifies the insufficiency of single gene analysis and the necessity for MLG in molecular epidemiology of G. duodenalis.

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Report of Giardia assemblages and giardiasis in residents of Guilan province—Iran

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Giardia duodenalis Genotyping Not Linked to Clinical Symptomatology and Nutritional Status of School-Aged Children of Soledad and Galapa Municipality Schools, Atlántico, Colombia

Giardia duodenalis Genotyping Not Linked to Clinical Symptomatology and Nutritional Status of School-Aged Children of Soledad and Galapa Municipality Schools, Atlántico, Colombia

The controversies surrounding Giardia intestinalis assemblages A and B

Multigene typing of Giardia Duodenalis isolated from tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis subjects

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