“…To assist professionals and the public in understanding the extent to which ethical standards are being upheld, the Ethics Committees of the American Counseling Association (ACA) and the American Psychological Association (APA) provide annual reports on the number, nature, and disposition of ethical complaints (see APA, 2000;Brown & Espina, 2000;Shumate & Espina, 1999). However, these associations receive relatively few complaints (e.g., ACA received 14 in 1998 and5 in 1999;APAreceived 42 in 1999), and only a small number are found to be valid and adjudicated through the mechanisms associations have-remediation of the problem or expulsion from the association.…”