Report on the Workshop of Biological Applications of X-ray Microbeams

Lai, B.; Maser, J.; Paunesku, Tatjana; Woloschak, Gayle E.

doi:10.1080/09553000210121759

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…While many possible sources of X‐rays exist, only third‐generation synchrotron sources (such as exist in the USA [APS], France [ESRF], and Japan [SPring8]) provide the high brilliance at high‐photon energies required to acquire elemental maps, at subcellular spatial resolution, with trace element sensitivity, of “soft” biological materials using hard X‐ray fluorescence. Three recent workshops [Lai et al, 2002, 2004; Miller et al, 2005; Glesne et al, 2006; Hall et al, 2006; Liu et al, 2006; McRae et al, 2006; Palmer et al, 2006; Wagner et al, 2006] at the Advanced Photon Source confirmed the needs of the scientific community for biological hard X‐ray microscopy and its significance for elemental mapping of cells and tissue sections.…”

Section: Approaches To Monitor Metalsmentioning

confidence: 87%

X‐ray fluorescence microprobe imaging in biology and medicine

Paunesku

Vogt

Mäser

et al. 2006

J of Cellular Biochemistry

224

164

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Characteristic X-ray fluorescence is a technique that can be used to establish elemental concentrations for a large number of different chemical elements simultaneously in different locations in cell and tissue samples. Exposing the samples to an X-ray beam is the basis of X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). This technique provides the excellent trace element sensitivity; and, due to the large penetration depth of hard X-rays, an opportunity to image whole cells and quantify elements on a per cell basis. Moreover, because specimens prepared for XFM do not require sectioning, they can be investigated close to their natural, hydrated state with cryogenic approaches. Until several years ago, XFM was not widely available to bio-medical communities, and rarely offered resolution better then several microns. This has changed drastically with the development of third-generation synchrotrons. Recent examples of elemental imaging of cells and tissues show the maturation of XFM imaging technique into an elegant and informative way to gain insight into cellular processes. Future developments of XFM-building of new XFM facilities with higher resolution, higher sensitivity or higher throughput will further advance studies of native elemental makeup of cells and provide the biological community including the budding area of bionanotechnology with a tool perfectly suited to monitor the distribution of metals including nanovectors and measure the results of interactions between the nanovectors and living cells and tissues. Key words: X-ray fluorescence microscopy; elemental maps; metalome; bionanotechnology The biology of the past decade has significantly changed scope, and large compendia of data have been accumulated to enable scientists to study biological ''meta units'' such as the genome, proteome, and transcriptome. At this time, the term ''metalome'' is still used only rarely, and the majority of scientists interested in establishing metalome databases undertook the daunting task of developing and using different dyes for different elements and their ions in order to determine elemental locations and concentrations in cells and tissues. The presence of metals and trace elements is essential for the existence of life as we know it. In any organism, there are very few intracellular processes that are not dependent on the presence of metals or other trace elements. In fact, it is estimated that one-third of all known proteins contain metal cofactors and the majority of these function as essential metalloenzymes. With current developments in genomics and proteomics, our knowledge of the enormous number of pathways in which metals and trace elements are necessary for life is ever increasing. This knowledge, however, is largely ''static'' as we still do not have appropriate sensitive approaches to follow fluctuations in normal metal homeostasis that accompany processes of development, differentiation, senescence, stress responses, etc. Likewise, our knowledge about the redistribution of metals and trace elements accom...

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Section: Approaches To Monitor Metalsmentioning

confidence: 87%

X‐ray fluorescence microprobe imaging in biology and medicine

Paunesku

Vogt

Mäser

et al. 2006

J of Cellular Biochemistry

224

164

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“…For detection of nanoparticles in cells some of the most powerful techniques are still optical microscopy and electron microscopy. However, complementary newly emerging imaging approaches such as four photon microscopy [ 18 ], near-infrared surface enhanced Raman scattering [ 19 , 20 ], X-ray fluorescence micro- and nano-probe imaging [ 21 - 25 ], and coherent X-ray diffraction imaging [ 26 - 28 ] will significantly improve imaging work with nanoparticles in cells. Some of the future developments with these techniques are expected to allow for 3D imaging with resolution as good as 5 nm 3 voxel (coherent X-ray diffraction imaging), permitting imaging of whole frozen cells with the nanoparticles distributed at specific destinations in the cellular interior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles for Applications in Cellular Imaging

et al. 2007

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In the following review we discuss several types of nanoparticles (such as TiO2, quantum dots, and gold nanoparticles) and their impact on the ability to image biological components in fixed cells. The review also discusses factors influencing nanoparticle imaging and uptake in live cells in vitro. Due to their unique size-dependent properties nanoparticles offer numerous advantages over traditional dyes and proteins. For example, the photostability, narrow emission peak, and ability to rationally modify both the size and surface chemistry of Quantum Dots allow for simultaneous analyses of multiple targets within the same cell. On the other hand, the surface characteristics of nanometer sized TiO2allow efficient conjugation to nucleic acids which enables their retention in specific subcellular compartments. We discuss cellular uptake mechanisms for the internalization of nanoparticles and studies showing the influence of nanoparticle size and charge and the cell type targeted on nanoparticle uptake. The predominant nanoparticle uptake mechanisms include clathrin-dependent mechanisms, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.

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“…X-ray microbeams available at third-generation synchrotron radiation sources are now widely used in material science and for biological applications. Recent studies in cell biology, environmental science and microbiology using hard X-ray microprobes have yielded promising results [21]. In the case of single crystals or when the X-ray beam is smaller than the crystallite size, Laue X-ray diffraction using a polychromatic X-ray beam allows for microstructure and strain/stress mapping measurements with submicrometre spatial resolution in three dimensions [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence of residual stresses relaxation in the buckling region, buckling topologies and associated stress maps are calculated using FEM. Spontaneous buckling phenomenon occurs often after film deposition (i.e., when taking the sample out of the deposition chamber), and is known to release the residual stresses in the film [6,9,21]. However, in the bonded region of the thin films, the residual stresses are considered as equi-biaxial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Relaxation Related to Spontaneous Thin Film Buckling: Correlation between Finite Element Calculations and Micro Diffraction Analysis

Jia

Wang

Tamura

et al. 2018

QuBS

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Compressive residual stresses generated during thin film deposition may lead to undesirable film damage, such as delamination, buckling, and flaking, ultimately leading to the failure of the device employing the film. Understanding the residual stress generation and role in these damage mechanisms is necessary to preserve thin film integrity and optimize its functional properties. Thin shell theory has been used for decades to predict buckling but the results have not yet been correlated with experimental data since the techniques used to measure stress in metallic films were not able to do so at the required micron scale until recently. Micro scanning X-ray diffraction now enables the direct mapping of the local stress of metallic films. In this paper, finite element method based on thin shell theory and synchrotron X-ray micro diffraction have been used to determine stress maps of thin film buckling patterns. Calculations of the stress distribution in the metallic films have been performed taking into account the buckling geometry determined from optical measurements. Stress distributions over gold blisters and tungsten wrinkles obtained with the two techniques are in fair agreement and allow for the accurate determination of the stress relaxation profile from the bottom to the top of the buckling, validating the thin shell theory model.

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Report on the Workshop of Biological Applications of X-ray Microbeams

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

X‐ray fluorescence microprobe imaging in biology and medicine

X‐ray fluorescence microprobe imaging in biology and medicine

Nanoparticles for Applications in Cellular Imaging

Stress Relaxation Related to Spontaneous Thin Film Buckling: Correlation between Finite Element Calculations and Micro Diffraction Analysis

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