Reported solubilities of 738 pesticide chemicals in water

Sorption of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides by soil

“…Water solubility, partition coefficient, and parachor (molar volume) were chosen as readily determinable insecticide variables with which to relate sorption. The insecticides were ranked in the order of decreasing water solubility in Gunther et al (1968) shows much disagreement with the values obtained in this study. This is not surprising because the conditions of the experiment can influence the measured solubility (Bowman et al 1960;Gunther et al 1968;Cheung and Biggar 1974;Haque and Schmedding 1975).…”

“…The insecticides were ranked in the order of decreasing water solubility in Gunther et al (1968) shows much disagreement with the values obtained in this study. This is not surprising because the conditions of the experiment can influence the measured solubility (Bowman et al 1960;Gunther et al 1968;Cheung and Biggar 1974;Haque and Schmedding 1975). For example, preliminary experiments in which 1,580 x ^ were used in centrifugation yielded higher solubilities for terbufos (8.8 ppm) than those employing 26,000 x ^ (5.07 ppm).…”

“…Parathion (99% purity), as determined in this study, had a value of 6.54 ppm at 24±2°C. Solubility values for phorate and terbufos were much lower than literature values of 50-85 ppm (Gunther et al 1968) and 10-15 ppm (American Cyanamid Technical Bulletin), respectively. On the other hand, the solubility of chlorpyrifos was slightly higher than a reported 0.4 ppm value (Brust 1966).…”

“…Bowman and Sans (1977) reported a water solubility for parathion of 12.9 ppm at 20°C, and Yaron and Saltzman (1972) found a value of 4.3 ppm at 10°C. The commonly quoted literature value Is 24 ppm at 25°C (Gunther et al 1968). Parathion (99% purity), as determined in this study, had a value of 6.54 ppm at 24±2°C.…”

Toxicity on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Bufo melanostictus (Schneider) (Common Indian Toad) Exposed to Malathion

“…It is used most commonly in the control of mosquitoes, flies, household insects, animal ectoparasites, and human lice. Malathion has been element labeled and applied to fields to study its potential translocation and bioaccumulation; and small rodents, insects and birds had detectable levels 1 yr after treatment [19].Malathion is lipophilic and readily taken up through the skin, respiratory system, or gastrointestinal tract, with absorption enhanced if malathion is in the liquid form [20]. The predominant mechanism of organophosphate toxicity is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in thenervous system causing accumulation of acetylcholine [21].…”