Reporting of Infectious Diseases in the United States During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic

Crane, Matthew A; Popović, Aleksandra; Panaparambil, Rohan; Stolbach, Andrew; Romley, John A.; Ghanem, Khalil G.

doi:10.1093/cid/ciab529

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Studies have shown that these NPIs for COVID-19 may also reduce the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza (7), as well as the number of other infectious diseases reported. Similar reports have been reported in the United States (8) and Germany (9). However, the long-term or short-term benefits of COVID-19 preventive and control interventions for other infectious diseases in China are still unclear, and there are still no studies based on national annual data.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Changes in Incidence of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China Under the Prevention and Control Measures of COVID-19

Chen

Wang

Huang

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in China under the prevention and control measures of COVID-19.Methods: Using descriptive epidemiological methods, data were collected from the official website of the Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, and the prevalence characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in the country in 2020 were analyzed and compared with the historical data in 2019. Monthly reporting data on influenza and tuberculosis from 2015 to 2019 were also collected.Results: Except for COVID-19, the total number of notifiable infectious diseases cases in 2020 was 6,366,176, a decrease of 41.38% year-on-year compared with 2019. Category B and C notifiable infectious diseases decreased by 14.84 and 54.98% year-on-year, respectively (P < 0.01). The top three incidence rates were influenza (87.63 cases/100,000), hepatitis B (81.36 cases/100,000) and other infectious diarrhea (76.33 cases/100,000). Three types of diseases with the largest decline were influenza (−2,280,502 cases), hand-foot-mouth disease (−1,174,588 cases), and other infectious diarrhea diseases (−275,746 cases). Compared with 2019, respiratory infectious diseases were reported to be in the largest decline in 2020, followed by intestinal infectious diseases, blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases, natural foci, and insect-borne infectious diseases. The monthly reported incidences of influenza and tuberculosis in 2020 were lower than the average of the previous 5 years.Conclusion: In 2020, the incidence of most notifiable infectious diseases in China showed a downward trend, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)such as the wearing of masks, frequent hand-washing, more ventilation, less gathering, etc, played an positive role in the prevention and control of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases. The various public health intervention strategies and measures adopted by China to contain COVID-19 can provide a reference for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in other countries.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Changes in Incidence of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China Under the Prevention and Control Measures of COVID-19

Chen

Wang

Huang

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…For a cross-country comparison with the United States, we used weekly reports from the Nationally Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) administered by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [ 10 ], to which infectious and contagious diseases are immediately reported by healthcare providers [ 11 , 12 ]. The NNDSS is collected from all 50 states and the District of Columbia and monitors about 120 diseases classified by the main transmission: sexually transmitted, foodborne or waterborne, vector borne, injection drug use–associated, and respiratory [ 13 ]. As a result, the types of infectious agents reported in the KDCA in Korea and the CDC in the United States differed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in gastrointestinal infections before and during non-pharmaceutical interventions in Korea in comparison with the United States

Kim

Choi

et al. 2022

Epidemiol Health

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OBJECTIVES:To examine how the trends in the weekly frequencies of gastrointestinal infectious diseases changed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea, and to compare them with the trends in the United States. METHODS:We compared the weekly frequencies of gastrointestinal infectious diseases (16 bacterial and 6 viral diseases) in Korea during weeks 5-52 before and after COVID-19. In addition, the weekly frequencies of five gastrointestinal infectious diseases in the United States (data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) that overlapped with those in Korea were compared. RESULTS:The mean weekly number of total gastrointestinal infectious diseases in Korea showed a significant decrease (from 522 before COVID-19 to 245 after COVID-19, P < 0.01). Only bacterial gastrointestinal infectious diseases caused byCampylobacter increased significantly; other bacterial gastrointestinal infectious diseases showed either a decrease or no change. All other viral diseases decreased. In the United States, the weekly numbers of Salmonella, Campylobacter, typhoid, shigellosis, and hepatitis A virus sharply decreased after the COVID-19 outbreak. The weekly numbers of all viral diseases markedly decreased in both countries; however, the bacterial gastrointestinal infectious diseases showed a different pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Most gastrointestinal infectious diseases decreased after the COVID-19 outbreak. In contrast, Campylobacter infections showed an increasing trend in Korea, but a decreasing trend in the United States. Further studies are needed to elucidate the different trends in bacterial and viral infectious diseases before and after NPIs and between different countries.

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“…However, the reported numbers are likely lower than expected because of the pandemic and the resulting lockdowns, travel restrictions, disruptions in reporting of diseases and travel-related control measures. 28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute hepatitis A in international travellers: a GeoSentinel analysis, 2008–2020

Balogun

Brown

Angelo

et al. 2022

Journal of Travel Medicine

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Background: Non-immune international travelers are at risk of acquiring hepatitis A. Although hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for unvaccinated travelers to high or intermediate hepatitis A virus endemicity, compliance with this recommendation is not universal. Objective: To describe the demographic and travel characteristics of international travelers infected with hepatitis A during travel. Methods: Available data on travelers with confirmed (positive molecular test) or probable (symptomatic individuals with a single positive IgM test) hepatitis A diagnosed during and after travel from January 2008 to December 2020 were obtained from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database. We analyzed demographic and travel characteristics of infected travelers. Results: Among 254 travelers with hepatitis A (185 confirmed and 69 probable), the median age was 28 years (interquartile range: 19—40), 150 (59%) were male, and among 54 travelers with information available, 53 (98%) were unvaccinated. The most common reasons for travel included tourism (n = 120; 47%) and visiting friends or relatives (VFR) (n = 72; 28%). About two-thirds of VFR travelers with hepatitis A (n = 50; 69%) were younger than 20 years old. Hepatitis A was acquired most frequently in South-Central Asia (n = 63; 25%) and sub-Saharan Africa (n = 61; 24%), but 16 travelers (6%) acquired hepatitis A in regions with low endemicity including Western Europe (n = 7; 3%), the Caribbean (n = 6; 2%), and North America (n = 3; 1%). Median duration from illness onset to GeoSentinel site presentation was approximately 7 days (IQR: 4–14 days). Among 88 travelers with information available, 59% were hospitalized. Conclusion: Despite availability of highly effective vaccines, travelers still acquire hepatitis A, even when traveling to low-endemicity destinations. Providing pre-departure hepatitis A vaccine to susceptible travelers is crucial to reducing travel-associated hepatitis A and should be offered to all travelers as part of the pre-travel consultation, regardless of destination.

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Reporting of Infectious Diseases in the United States During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Changes in Incidence of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China Under the Prevention and Control Measures of COVID-19

Changes in Incidence of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China Under the Prevention and Control Measures of COVID-19

Trends in gastrointestinal infections before and during non-pharmaceutical interventions in Korea in comparison with the United States

Acute hepatitis A in international travellers: a GeoSentinel analysis, 2008–2020

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