Representações sociais da autonomia profissional do enfermeiro para profissionais de saúde não enfermeiros

Abstract

This exploratory, qualitative, descriptive study examined the social representations of nurses' professional autonomy held by non-nursing health personnel at a public hospital in the Lakes Region of Rio de Janeiro State in 2015. On an approach structured by Social Representations Theory and Method, 53 health professionals responded to a free evocation form by verbalizing the first 5 words suggested them by the stimulus-term nurses' professional autonomy. EVOC 2003 software was used. The probable central core of the representation comprised the evocations care, team and responsibility, which expressed strongly image-rich and evaluative dimensions. Most of the subjects acknowledged that nurses have professional autonomy. It was concluded that the group's position is essentially favorable to the object represented. But the shortage of affective and practical dimensions reveals that this representation is still in the process of consolidation. Keywords: Professional autonomy; nursing; nurses; psychology, social. RESUMEN: Estudio cuyo objetivo fue analizar las representaciones sociales de la autonomía profesional del enfermero para profesionales de salud no enfermeros en un hospital público en la Região dos Lagos, en Río de Janeiro. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, exploratorio, realizado en 2015 bajo un abordaje estructural de la Teoría y el Método de las Representaciones Sociales junto a 53 profesionales de salud que respondieron al formulario de evocaciones libres, verbalizando las primeras cinco palabras que les surgieran a partir del término inductor 'autonomía profesional del enfermero'. Para ese análisis, se ha utilizado el software EVOC 2003. Han compuesto el probable núcleo central de la representación las evocaciones de cuidado, equipo y responsabilidad, las que expresan fuertes dimensiones de imágenes y evaluaciones. La mayoría de los individuos reconoció la existencia de la autonomía profesional del enfermero. Se concluye que hay, esencialmente, una posición favorable del grupo en cuanto al objeto de representación. Sin embargo, la escasez de dimensiones afectiva y práctica revela que se trata de una representación aún en proceso de consolidación. Palabras Clave: Autonomía profesional; enfermería; enfermeras; psicología social. Representações sociais da autonomia profissional do enfermeiro para profissionais de saúde não enfermeiros IntroduçãoNa enfermagem, a autonomia profissional representa um tema complexo, cuja necessidade de exploração mais detalhada advém da configuração atual do trabalho do enfermeiro no âmbito hospitalar, que, progressivamente, tem ganhado novos contornos, novas demandas, dificuldades e tecnologias, mas que, por vezes, sustenta práticas ainda centradas no modelo biomédico [1][2][3][4][5] .

Autonomia profissional e enfermagem: representações de profissionais de saúde

“…In the results description and analysis, there are three representation dimensions, namely the imagery, the functional, and the normative. The imagery dimension relates to the dimension of the image in the representations as a consequence of the process of objectification and the figurative core (7) ; the functional dimension is the practical dimension of the representations in the everyday life of the subject, allowing control over everyday life, confronting and solving situations, and social movements in different contexts (3,7) ; and the third dimension refers to the cognitive work involved when the group adopts social standards to maintain the coherence of thought and the feeling of belonging in the group (7) .…”

“…The need to closely investigate this theme stems from the current configuration of nursing work in the hospital setting, which has progressively gained new contours, demands, difficulties, and technologies, and often supports practices that are still centred on the biomedical model (1)(2)(3) . It is argued that nursing is characterised as an object of social representation linked to others since it generates a body of knowledge, skills, affectivities, attitudes, and practices related to nurses, their professional identity, their power of decision, and their freedom of action.…”

“…Therefore, these practices are also related to their professional autonomy (4) . National (3)(4) and international (5)(6) production on the professional autonomy of nurses reveals the need for new studies, media interventions, and reformulations in nursing education given the urgency of self-asserting that which is central to all professions. This self-assertion explains the direct impact on the needs of society, which runs the risk of losing political power, forfeiting its range of action to other professions, and having to witness the diminished investments of public funds for its maintenance and development.…”

“…Earlier studies found that approximately 60.4% of non-nursing health workers (3) , against only 6.7% of nurses (6) , considered that the nurse has professional autonomy, which is considered alarming. This scenario challenges national and international higher education institutions to reflect on teaching practices that foster the acquisition of new knowledge for new nurses on the limits and potentialities that circumvent their profession.…”

“…This lack of autonomy is based on the social knowledge of the health team on the professional autonomy of nurses with a scarcity of affective and practical dimensions, revealing that this representation is still being consolidated (3) . These considerations were used to define the guiding question: what are the social representations of nursing for non-nursing health workers?…”