Representações sociais da infecção comunitária por profissionais da atenção primária

Abstract

Objective: Understand the social representations formulated by primary health care professionals in relation to community-acquired infection and analyze how these representations influence infection control and quality of care. Methods: Exploratory, qualitative research conducted among 16 health professionals, selected by simple sampling. For data collection, a semi-structured form was used. The data were processed and analyzed by Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: Four classes were obtained: Primary health care in the management of community-acquired infections; the role of health education in infection prevention and control; the concept of community-acquired infection and risk factors; prevention and control measures for community-acquired infections. Conclusion: The social representations of community-acquired infection are organized on the basis of professional practice, in which participants recognize the difficulties in conceptualizing the term, and list risk factors and prevention and control measures, reflecting on the quality of care provided. ResumoObjetivo: Apreender as representações sociais elaboradas pelos profissionais da Atenção Primária sobre infecção comunitária e analisar como tais representações influenciam no controle da infecção e na qualidade da assistência. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa, realizada com 16 profissionais da saúde, selecionados por amostragem simples. Para coleta dos dados, utilizou-se formulário semiestruturado. Os dados foram processados e analisados pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: Foram obtidas quatro classes: Atenção Primária em saúde na gestão das infecções comunitárias; O papel da educação em saúde na prevenção e no controle das infecções; O conceito de infecção comunitária e fatores de risco; Medidas de prevenção e controle das infecções comunitárias. Conclusão: As representações sociais sobre a infecção comunitária se organizam a partir da prática profissional, na qual os participantes reconhecem as dificuldades em conceituar o termo, elencar fatores de riscos e medidas de prevenção e controle, refletindo na qualidade da assistência prestada.

Prevenção e controle de infecção na formação do enfermeiro: estudo descritivo

“…It is necessary to be aware that this is not an isolated infectious disease, but an aggravation that results from the evolution of clinical practices forged in the care model, with a curative characteristic, in which invasive procedures for diagnosis and therapy predominate (1,4) . Nursing, because it has greater contact with the patient and develops a large part of the procedures, has a direct responsibility in the prevention and control of hospital infections, and should be kept up to date in order to use scientific evidence in the development of its clinical practice (15) .…”

“…In addition, emphasis should be placed on aspects related to the adherence of infection prevention and control measures, commitment to the service and patients, knowledge of the epidemiology of infections and continuous professional training, including continuing education (1,15) . To this end, teaching about the prevention and control of infection must be part of the pedagogical project of professional training of all courses in health care, and this content must be explored transversally in the curricula, allowing the subject to be developed in the professional disciplines according to the depth and clinical situation required (7,10,16) .…”

“…The conceptual bases need to be grounded and objective in order to establish a connection with the practice carried out (1,10) . As an example, caused estrangement the report of the subjects indicating the use of the Nursing diagnosis "risk of infection", due to the lack of knowledge of the signs and symptoms of the same, required for the elaboration of diagnoses and subsequent intervention.…”

“…Health care-related infections (IRAS) have a considerable impact on the morbidity and mortality rates in the intra-and extra-hospital environment, resulting in an increase in the time spent and costs of hospitalization, and are thus recognized as a serious world public health problem (1) . One of the greatest difficulties in the prevention of IRAS relates to organizational aspects: the training and qualification of human resources sensitive to the problem, and who are conscious of, and responsible for, the maintenance of a biologically safe environment (2) .…”

“…This is mainly due to the qualification of human resources that appear to have not accompanied changes in health care (2)(3) . Safe practices with an emphasis on infection prevention and control show deficits in Brazilian higher education institutions (IES -from the Portuguese "Instituições de Ensino Superior"), a problem experienced also in other Latin American institutions, especially regarding the training of professional nurses (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) . In the IES, the theme, when exploited, is done in a fragmented way: content is diluted in various disciplines, losing its importance and practical applicability throughout the curriculum (5)(6)(7) .…”