Representation of Future Changes in Menopausal Women

Self representations and music performance anxiety: A study with professional and amateur musicians

“…jury – non-jury situation). Finally, in line with literature on self dimensions ( Castiglione et al, 2015 ; Markus & Nurius, 1986 ; Markus & Ruvolo, 1989 ), and with literature on differences between professional and amateur musicians ( Hamann, 1982 ; Osborne et al, 2005 ), higher discrepancies between self-representations were associated with higher performance anxiety levels via the musical self only in participants who play instruments at a professional level. Furthermore, coherently with literature on effects of the settings on music performance anxiety ( Osborne & Franklin, 2002 ), musical self was associated with performance anxiety only in a music related setting.…”

“…Self-representations drive cognitions, emotions and behaviours and facilitate performances by focusing on explicit goals and by strategically implementing plans of actions ( Castiglione et al, 2015 ; Markus & Nurius, 1986 ; Markus & Ruvolo, 1989 ). Self-representations are structured in a semantic space (semantic space approach, Hart et al, 1997 ).…”

“…Performances, goals and careers are also affected by self-concept ( Oyserman & Markus, 1990 ). Self-images affect individuals’ cognitions, emotions (including anxiety) and behaviours ( Castiglione, Licciardello, & Rampullo, 2015 ; Hart, Field, Garfinkle, & Singer, 1997 ; Heppen & Ogilvie, 2003 ; Higgins, 1989 ; Markus & Nurius, 1986 ; Markus & Ruvolo, 1989 ) and thus, shape musicians’ performances and careers ( Schnare, MacIntyre, & Doucette, 2012 ; Varvarigou, Creech, & Hallam, 2014 ). Self-representations were shown to play an important motivational role among musicians, with musical self positively affecting performances, goals and careers in musicians ( Oyserman & Markus, 1990 ; Schnare et al, 2012 ; Varvarigou et al, 2014 ).…”

A Review of Pharmacological Treatments for Vaginal Atrophy in Postmenopausal Women in Iran

“…Low levels of estrogen have adverse effects on the genitourinary tract and sexual function [ 2 ]. However, vaginal atrophy is one of the most important factors affecting sexual function and the genitourinary system [ 3 ]. Vaginal atrophy is one of the most common menopausal complications associated with thinning, drying, and inflamed vaginal walls and increased vaginal pH levels [ 4 ].…”

“…Vaginal atrophy is one of the most common menopausal complications associated with thinning, drying, and inflamed vaginal walls and increased vaginal pH levels [ 4 ]. It is estimated that 90% of women are affected by its symptoms such as dryness, itching, burning of urine and painful intercourse [ 3 ].…”