Representation of Geometric Borders in the Entorhinal Cortex

Solstad, Trygve; Boccara, Claude; Kropff, Emilio; Moser, May‐Britt; Moser, Edvard I

doi:10.1126/science.1166466

Cited by 1,013 publications

(1,152 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Different families of cells strictly related to specific spatial demands have been discovered in the parahippocampal circuit (place cells: O' Keefe & Dostrovsky, 1971; head direction cells: Taube, Muller & Ranck, 1990;grid cells: Fyhn, Molden, Witter, Moser & Moser, 2004), but we are still far from comprehending their exact role in coordinating navigation and orientation; future investigation will be required before resolving this issue. In fact, a particularly well-suited class of cells for the metric analysis of an environment has been recently added to the spatial neural circuit: the border cells (Solstad, Boccara, Kropff, Moser & Moser, 2008). These cells seem to encode obstacles and borders of the surroundings, thereby allowing for the definition of the perimeter of an environment.…”

Section: Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rudiments of mind: Insights through the chick model on number and space cognition in animals.

Vallortígara¹,

Regolin²,

Chiandetti³

et al. 2010

CCBR

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Studies on human infants, focused on the ontogenetic origins of knowledge, have provided evidence for a small set of separable systems of core knowledge dealing with the representation of objects, number, and space. We investigated core knowledge systems from a comparative perspective, making use of the domestic chick as a model system, and filial imprinting as a key to animal mind. Here, we discuss evidence showing precocious abilities in the chick for representing: (i) the cardinal and ordinal/sequential aspects of numerical cognition, and (ii) the distance, angle, and sense relations among extended surfaces in the surrounding layout. Some of the abilities associated with core knowledge systems of number and space were observed in the absence of (or with very reduced) visual experience, supporting a nativistic account of the origins of knowledge.

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Section: Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rudiments of mind: Insights through the chick model on number and space cognition in animals.

Vallortígara¹,

Regolin²,

Chiandetti³

et al. 2010

CCBR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…B 369: 20130369 with the boundaries of the environment (i.e. they may set the translational phase of the grid) [33,34,72]. Head direction cells are thought to set the orientation of the grid; these cells themselves are known to be reset by prominent visual landmarks when they become misaligned with the allocentric reference frame defined by external landmarks [73].…”

Section: (A) Medial Entorhinal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional correlates of the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex: objects, path integration and local–global reference frames

Knierim

Neunuebel

Deshmukh

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

376

357

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The hippocampus receives its major cortical input from the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC). It is commonly believed that the MEC provides spatial input to the hippocampus, whereas the LEC provides non-spatial input. We review new data which suggest that this simple dichotomy between ‘where’ versus ‘what’ needs revision. We propose a refinement of this model, which is more complex than the simple spatial–non-spatial dichotomy. MEC is proposed to be involved in path integration computations based on a global frame of reference, primarily using internally generated, self-motion cues and external input about environmental boundaries and scenes; it provides the hippocampus with a coordinate system that underlies the spatial context of an experience. LEC is proposed to process information about individual items and locations based on a local frame of reference, primarily using external sensory input; it provides the hippocampus with information about the content of an experience.

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“…However, the scale of the grid increased from dorsal to ventral medial entorhinal cortex (Fyhn et al 2004;Hafting et al 2005), suggesting that the earliest recordings in the entorhinal cortex had missed the grid pattern because the period of the firing pattern was too large for repeated fields to be observed in conventionally sized recording boxes. The discovery of grid cells was followed by studies showing that these cells were part of a wider spatial network comprising other cell types as well, such as head direction -modulated cells (Sargolini et al 2006) and cells that fire specifically along one or several borders of the local environment (border cells) (Savelli et al 2008;Solstad et al 2008). Head direction cells had previously been observed in a number of brain systems, from the dorsal tegmental nucleus in the brain stem to the pre-and parasubiculum in the parahippocampal cortex (Ranck 1985;Taube et al 1990;Taube 2007).…”

Section: Upstream Of Place Cells: Grid Cells and Other Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Place Cells, Grid Cells, and Memory

Moser

Rowland

Moser

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

Self Cite

421

267

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The hippocampal system is critical for storage and retrieval of declarative memories, including memories for locations and events that take place at those locations. Spatial memories place high demands on capacity. Memories must be distinct to be recalled without interference and encoding must be fast. Recent studies have indicated that hippocampal networks allow for fast storage of large quantities of uncorrelated spatial information. The aim of the this article is to review and discuss some of this work, taking as a starting point the discovery of multiple functionally specialized cell types of the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit, such as place, grid, and border cells. We will show that grid cells provide the hippocampus with a metric, as well as a putative mechanism for decorrelation of representations, that the formation of environment-specific place maps depends on mechanisms for long-term plasticity in the hippocampus, and that long-term spatiotemporal memory storage may depend on offline consolidation processes related to sharp-wave ripple activity in the hippocampus. The multitude of representations generated through interactions between a variety of functionally specialized cell types in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit may be at the heart of the mechanism for declarative memory formation.T he scientific study of human memory started with Herman Ebbinghaus, who initiated the quantitative investigation of associative memory processes as they take place (Ebbinghaus 1885). Ebbinghaus described the conditions that influence memory formation and he determined several basic principles of encoding and recall, such as the law of frequency and the effect of time on forgetting. With Ebbinghaus, higher mental functions were brought to the laboratory. In parallel with the human learning tradition that Ebbinghaus started, a new generation of experimental psychologists described the laws of associative learning in animals. With behaviorists like Pavlov, Watson, Hull, Skinner, and Tolman, a rigorous program for identifying the laws of animal learning was initiated. By the middle of the 20th century, a language for associative learning processes had been developed, and many of the fundamental relationships between environment and behavior had been described. What was completely missing, though, was an understanding of the neural activity underlying the formation of the memory. The behaviorists had deliberately shied away from physiological explanations because of the intangible nature of neural activity at that time.Then the climate began to change. Karl Lashley had shown that lesions in the cerebral cortex had predictable effects on behavior in Editors: Eric R. Kandel, Yadin Dudai, and Mark R. Mayford Additional Perspectives on Learning and Memory available at

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Representation of Geometric Borders in the Entorhinal Cortex

Cited by 1,013 publications

References 17 publications

Rudiments of mind: Insights through the chick model on number and space cognition in animals.

Rudiments of mind: Insights through the chick model on number and space cognition in animals.

Functional correlates of the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex: objects, path integration and local–global reference frames

Place Cells, Grid Cells, and Memory

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