Representation of microphysical processes in cloud‐resolving models: Spectral (bin) microphysics versus bulk parameterization

Хаин, А.; Beheng, K.D.; Heymsfield, Andrew J.; Korolev, Alexei; Krichak, S. O.; Levin, Zev; Pinsky, Mark; Phillips, Vaughan T. J.; Prabhakaran, Thara; Teller, A.; Heever, Susan C. van den; Yano, Jun–Ichi

doi:10.1002/2014rg000468

Cited by 340 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 377 publications

(791 reference statements)

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“…In cloud models with a comparatively high resolution (Kogan, 1991;Khain et al, 2015), supersaturation S w is calcu-lated explicitly at each grid point. In these bin microphysics models APs playing the role of CCN are described using aerosol size distribution functions containing several tens of size bins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a new scheme of cloud base droplet nucleation in a spectral (bin) microphysics cloud model: sensitivity to aerosol size distribution

Ilotoviz

Хаин

2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. A new scheme of droplet nucleation at cloud base is implemented into the Hebrew University Cloud Model (HUCM) with spectral (bin) microphysics. In this scheme, supersaturation maximum S max near cloud base is calculated using theoretical results according to which, where w is the vertical velocity at cloud base and N d is droplet concentration. Microphysical cloud structure obtained in the simulations of a midlatitude hail storm using the new scheme is compared with that obtained in the standard approach, in which droplet nucleation is calculated using supersaturation calculated in grid points. The simulations were performed with different concentrations of cloud condensational nuclei (CCN) and with different shapes of CCN size spectra. It is shown that the new nucleation scheme substantially improves the vertical profile of droplet concentration shifting the concentration maximum to cloud base. It is shown that the effect of the CCN size distribution shape on cloud microphysics is not less important than the effect of the total CCN concentration. It is shown that the smallest CCN with diameters less than about 0.015 µm have a substantial effect on mixed-phase and ice microphysics of deep convective clouds. Such CCN are not measured by standard CCN probes, which hinders understanding of cold microphysical processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a new scheme of cloud base droplet nucleation in a spectral (bin) microphysics cloud model: sensitivity to aerosol size distribution

Ilotoviz

Хаин

2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Bulk or modal microphysics schemes might not be equipped to properly simulate the details of the aerosol-cloud interaction (e.g. Khain et al, 2015;Glassmeier et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of precipitation evaporation on the atmospheric aerosol distribution in EC-Earth v3.2.0

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The representation of aerosol-cloud interaction in global climate models (GCMs) remains a large source of uncertainty in climate projections. Due to its complexity, precipitation evaporation is either ignored or taken into account in a simplified manner in GCMs. This research explores various ways to treat aerosol resuspension and determines the possible impact of precipitation evaporation and subsequent aerosol resuspension on global aerosol burdens and distribution. The representation of aerosol wet deposition by large-scale precipitation in the EC-Earth model has been improved by utilising additional precipitation-related 3-D fields from the dynamical core, the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) general circulation model, in the chemistry and aerosol module Tracer Model, version 5 (TM5). A simple approach of scaling aerosol release with evaporated precipitation fraction leads to an increase in the global aerosol burden (+7.8 to +15 % for different aerosol species). However, when taking into account the different sizes and evaporation rate of raindrops following , the release of aerosols is strongly reduced, and the total aerosol burden decreases by −3.0 to −8.5 %. Moreover, inclusion of cloud processing based on observations by Mitra et al. (1992) transforms scavenged small aerosol to coarse particles, which enhances removal by sedimentation and hence leads to a −10 to −11 % lower aerosol burden. Finally, when these two effects are combined, the global aerosol burden decreases by −11 to −19 %. Compared to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations, aerosol optical depth (AOD) is generally underestimated in most parts of the world in all configurations of the TM5 model and although the representation is now physically more realistic, global AOD shows no large improvements in spatial patterns. Similarly, the agreement of the vertical profile with CloudAerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite measurements does not improve significantly. We show, however, that aerosol resuspension has a considerable impact on the modelled aerosol distribution and needs to be taken into account.

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“…Some studies have discovered that two-moment microphysical schemes, which are widely used in regional and global models, have some limitations in representing certain important microphysical processes such as aerosol activation, condensation/deposition, sedimentation (though sedimentation is treated more physically than one-moment schemes), and rain evaporation [Li et al, 2009;Khain et al, 2009Khain et al, , 2015Ekman et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2013;Milbrandt and Yau, 2005b;Morrison, 2012]. Many studies have found that bin microphysical schemes outperformed bulk schemes as reviewed in Khain et al [2015]. Simulations with bin schemes are often treated as benchmarks in studying clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions, although for ice-phase microphysics, bin schemes suffer from many of the same inherent uncertainties as bulk schemes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling spectral‐bin cloud microphysics with the MOSAIC aerosol model in WRF‐Chem: Methodology and results for marine stratocumulus clouds

Gao

Fan

Easter

et al. 2016

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Aerosol‐cloud interaction processes can be represented more physically with bin cloud microphysics relative to bulk microphysical parameterizations. However, due to computational power limitations in the past, bin cloud microphysics was often run with very simple aerosol treatments. The purpose of this study is to represent better aerosol‐cloud interaction processes in the Chemistry version of Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF‐Chem) at convection‐permitting scales by coupling spectral‐bin cloud microphysics (SBM) with the MOSAIC sectional aerosol model. A flexible interface is built that exchanges cloud and aerosol information between them. The interface contains a new bin aerosol activation approach, which replaces the treatments in the original SBM. It also includes the modified aerosol resuspension and in‐cloud wet removal processes with the droplet loss tendencies and precipitation fluxes from SBM. The newly coupled system is evaluated for two marine stratocumulus cases over the Southeast Pacific Ocean with either a simplified aerosol setup or full‐chemistry. We compare the aerosol activation process in the newly coupled SBM‐MOSAIC against the SBM simulation without chemistry using a simplified aerosol setup, and the results show consistent activation rates. A longer time simulation reinforces that aerosol resuspension through cloud drop evaporation plays an important role in replenishing aerosols and impacts cloud and precipitation in marine stratocumulus clouds. Evaluation of the coupled SBM‐MOSAIC with full‐chemistry using aircraft measurements suggests that the new model works realistically for the marine stratocumulus clouds, and improves the simulation of cloud microphysical properties compared to a simulation using MOSAIC coupled with the Morrison two‐moment microphysics.

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Representation of microphysical processes in cloud‐resolving models: Spectral (bin) microphysics versus bulk parameterization

Cited by 340 publications

References 377 publications

Application of a new scheme of cloud base droplet nucleation in a spectral (bin) microphysics cloud model: sensitivity to aerosol size distribution

Application of a new scheme of cloud base droplet nucleation in a spectral (bin) microphysics cloud model: sensitivity to aerosol size distribution

The impact of precipitation evaporation on the atmospheric aerosol distribution in EC-Earth v3.2.0

Coupling spectral‐bin cloud microphysics with the MOSAIC aerosol model in WRF‐Chem: Methodology and results for marine stratocumulus clouds

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