Representation of the face and intraoral structures in area 3b of the squirrel monkey (<i>Saimiri sciureus</i>) somatosensory cortex, with special reference to the ipsilateral representation

Manger, Paul R.; Woods, Timothy M.; Jones, Edward G.

doi:10.1002/cne.903620412

Cited by 65 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Determination of the somatotopy of the face and the oral representation in cortical area 3b of New World owl monkeys and squirrel monkeys using electrophysiological mapping by microelectrodes and histological procedures found that the palate SI area was microscopically adjacent to, or within, the tongue SI area of a few square millimeters (Jain et al 2001). Closer location of the tongue and palate SI cortices has been demonstrated in monkeys by other microelectrode studies (Cusick et al 1986;Manger et al 1995). Since the stimulation points of the palate included the gingiva, these results in monkeys support our present observation that the gingiva area is adjacent to the tongue area in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Neuromagnetic Evidence that Gingiva Area is Adjacent to Tongue Area in Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Murayama

Nakasato

Nakahara

et al. 2005

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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A. and ITOH, H. Neuromagnetic Evidence that Gingiva Area is Adjacent to Tongue Area in Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2005, 207 (3), 191-196 The somatotopic organization of the human primary somatosensory (SI) area in the cerebral cortex has been intensively studied for the hand, lip, and tongue, but little is known about the gingiva. Penfield concluded that the gingival SI area was above the tongue area, as shown in his famous homunculus map. However, our recent study suggested that the lingual gingiva area was not so different to the tongue area. To delineate the fine SI somatotopy of the gingiva area, evoked magnetic fields were measured in 6 healthy subjects for the stimulus of the anterior or posterior and upper or lower parts of the lip, buccal and lingual gingiva, and tongue. Source position was estimated by a current dipole model at the first peak of the posterior-oriented current in a total of 12 cerebral hemispheres contralateral to the stimulation side. No significant difference was found between the positions of anterior and posterior or upper and lower parts of each structure. Both buccal and lingual gingiva areas were localized adjacent to the tongue area, but significantly lower than the lip area. We believe that the fine SI somatotopy of the human oral structures should be reconsidered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Neuromagnetic Evidence that Gingiva Area is Adjacent to Tongue Area in Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Murayama

Nakasato

Nakahara

et al. 2005

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…In Figure 2 of [24] the distance between upper lip to lateral face in the squirrel monkey is 2 mm. In Figure 3 and 4 of [25] the distance from upper lip and side of face is about 2 mm. The distance from lateral orbit to upper lip in the squirrel monkey is about 2 cm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Intraoperative optical imaging of human face cortical topography: a case study

et al. 2004

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We used intrinsic signal optical imaging to obtain maps of human somatosensory cortex during electrocutaneous stimulation of the face during a neurosurgical procedure for epilepsy. We found that human face somatotopy is organized like the macaque or cebus monkey, with peri-orbital skin located medial to peri-buccal skin, and that cortical magni¢cation in the human is comparable to that in non-human primates.This study demonstrates that intrinsic signal imaging can be performed on humans during operative procedures with su⁄cient spatial resolution to reveal high-resolution topographic maps.

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“…Much of the oval is devoted to the contralateral tongue, but a more rostral part is devoted to the ipsilateral tongue. O3 responds to ipsilateral teeth, while O4 responds to ipsilateral tongue (for a somewhat different interpretation of the representation of the face and oral structures in squirrel monkeys, see Manger et al, 1995). A similar arrangement appears to exist in prosimian galagos (Fig.…”

Section: Representation Of Tongue and Teeth In Area 3b And Adjoining mentioning

confidence: 92%

Cortical network for representing the teeth and tongue in primates

Kaas

Iyengar

2006

Anat. Rec.

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Sensory information from the tongue and teeth is used to evaluate and distinguish food and nonfood items in the mouth, reject some and masticate and swallow others. While it is known that primates have a complex array of 10 or more somatosensory areas that contribute to the analysis of sensory information from the hand, less is known about what cortical areas are involved in processing information from receptors of the tongue and teeth. The tongue contains taste receptors, as well as mechanoreceptors. Afferents from taste receptors and mechanoreceptors of the tongue access different ascending systems in the brainstem. However, it is uncertain how these two sources of information are processed in cortex. Here the parts of somatosensory areas 3b, 3a, and presumptive 1 that represent the mechanoreceptors of the teeth and tongue are identified, and evidence is presented that the representations of the tongue also get information from the taste nucleus of the thalamus, VPMpc. As areas 3b, 3a, and 1 project to other areas of somatosensory cortex, and those areas to additional areas, some or all of the currently defined somatosensory areas of cortex may be involved in processing gustatory, as well as tactile, information from the tongue and thus have a role in the biologically important function of evaluating food in the mouth. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: somatosensory cortex; area 3b; ventroposterior nucleus; parietal cortex; taste; gustatory system Sensory inputs from the tongue and teeth are obviously very important to the health and survival of most mammals. Based on inputs from receptors in the tongue and periodontal receptors around the teeth, distinctions are made between food and nonfood objects in the mouth, how much pressure can be delivered via the teeth on such items in the mouth, and how to guide tongue and jaw movements in food processing (Jacobs et al., 1998). For judgments about the desirability of food objects, taste information is integrated with somatosensory information on texture, compliance, and item size. Thus, inputs from taste receptors and mechanoreceptors in the mouth, in part, must be evaluated together in order to facilitate the basic function of eating. But where and how is this done? As neocortex is obviously important in the processing of sensory information, how are sensory systems, which are related to sensory afferents from the tongue and teeth, organized at the cortical level? Given the obvious importance of this issue, it may come as a surprise that little is known about the anatomical framework in cortex for processing information, and most of this understanding is focused on the cortical processing of taste. Because the system for processing somatosensory information at the cortical level has been well studied in monkeys, and many of the recent studies of cortical structures related to taste have been in monkeys, this review is focused on these primates. We argue that it is likely that the rather extensive cortical network for processing tactile information from the...

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Representation of the face and intraoral structures in area 3b of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) somatosensory cortex, with special reference to the ipsilateral representation

Cited by 65 publications

References 31 publications

Neuromagnetic Evidence that Gingiva Area is Adjacent to Tongue Area in Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Neuromagnetic Evidence that Gingiva Area is Adjacent to Tongue Area in Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Intraoperative optical imaging of human face cortical topography: a case study

Cortical network for representing the teeth and tongue in primates

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