Representations of European Citizenship since 1951

Abstract

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From Neglect to Protection: Attitudes towards Whistleblowers in the European Institutions (1957–2002)

“…That changed in the 1990s, because politicians and officials hoped that better-informed citizens would become more involved in the European integration process. They now framed transparency as a panacea against Euroscepticism and the EU's perceived lack of democratic legitimacy (Pukallus, 2016;Sternberg, 2013).…”

Europe on Display: The European Coal and Steel Community’s Participation in Expo 58

“…The third brochure was entitled 'Pour six pays démocratiques, des institutions démocratiques communes' (Common democratic institutions for six countries) and 500,000 were distributed. 112 It is fair to assume 113 (based on how the Community usually explained and represented its institutions in the brochures it produced in the 1950s and 1960s 114 ) that it would have contained a brief description of the role, organisation and competencies of each of the Community institutions as well as diagrams showing how the institutions work together.…”

“…As the delivery of these three brochures to the pavilion was delayed until the beginning of May for logistical reasons, 115 the ECSC decided to use a previously existing brochure entitled 'L'Homme, le charbon, l'acier et l'Europe', translatable as 'Man, coal, steel and Europe'. This brochure was characterised by its narrative style and its quasi-fictional/ quasi-factual character 116 rather than a focus on mainly facts and figures. It engaged-albeit not in any detail-with a broader vision of Europe and the idea of the renaissance of European culture and civilisation.…”

“…It was careful to explain the way in which the European Community worked, that it was organised along democratic principles and that the Community's actions were executed and overseen by its supranational institutions. The ECSC relied heavily on a factual style of public communication 172 and appeared to have been motivated by the belief that the better we understand the easier we will identify with it. For example, Monnet believed that only if Europeans were informed about Europe and understood it would they be able to feel like citizens of the Community.…”

Single-issue Ratifiers or Political Deliberators?

“…Since the early 1990s the EU has sought to improve its democratic legitimacy by drawing on the traditions of deliberative and participatory democracy (Pukallus 2016, Parker 2018 in response to accusations that it suffers from a democratic deficit. It has put measures in place to increase institutional transparency, accompanied by a wide range of proposals on how to involve the European public more directly in EU decision-making.…”