Representative Seroprevalences of Brucellosis in Humans and Livestock in Kyrgyzstan

Abstract

Kyrgyzstan reported 77.5 new human brucellosis cases per 100,000 people in 2007, which is one of the highest incidences worldwide. In Kyrgyzstan, the currently used diagnostic tests in humans and animals are the Rose Bengal Test and the Huddleson test. A national representative cross-sectional study using cluster sampling proportional to size in humans, cattle, sheep, and goats was undertaken to assess the apparent seroprevalence in humans and animals. A total of 4,936 livestock sera and 1,774 human sera were tested in Naryn, Chuy, and Osh Oblasts. The overall apparent seroprevalences of brucellosis were 8.8% in humans (95% CI 4.5–16.5), 2.8% (95% CI 1.6–4.9%) in cattle, 3.3% (95% CI 1.5–6.9%) in sheep, and 2.5% (95% CI 1.4–4.5%) in goats. Naryn Oblast had the highest seroprevalences in humans and sheep. More men than women were seropositive (OR = 1.96; P < 0.001). Human seroprevalence was significantly associated with small ruminant seroprevalence but not with cattle seroprevalence. Annual incidence of human brucellosis exposure, measured by serological tests, was more than ten times higher than the annual incidence of reported clinical brucellosis cases. This indicates an under-reporting of human brucellosis cases, even if only a fraction of seropositive people have clinical symptoms. In conclusion, this study confirms the high seroprevalence of brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan and warrants rapid effective intervention, among others, by mass vaccination of sheep and goats but also of cattle.

Brucella infection in goats in Hubei province, China

“…Previously, many countries have reported of brucella infection in animals and human beings world widely. Bonfoh et al, (2012) reported that the seroprevalence of brucellosis were 8.8% in humans, 2.8% in cattle, 3.3% in sheep, and 2.5% in goats in Kyrgyzstan; Bamaiyi et al, (2015) reported that the prevalence of brucella infection in goats in Malaysia was 0.91%. In domestic, the prevalence of brucella infection in human being was 0.63% in Guizhou province from 2005 to 2008 (Chen et al, 2011);Li et al, (2012) reported that the prevalence of brucella infection in human being was 2.17% in Baiyin Distinct; Gao et al, (2013) reported that the prevalence of brucella infection in yaks in Tibet was 6.5%.…”

“…Brucellosis is a high zoonotic potential bacterial disease of livestock (Bonfoh et al, 2012). Previously, many countries have reported of brucella infection in animals and human beings world widely.…”

Seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine brucellosis in the province of Djelfa (ALGERIA)

“…This findings corroborate with the findings of Traore et al (2004);Tolosa et al (2010); Acha and Szyfres (1989), reported that no significant variation noticed between age groups (P> 0.05). Tialla et al (2014); Delafosse et al (2002);Omer et al (2002); Bonfoh et al (2012) found that the prevalence of brucellosis was significantly associated with age. This is in contrast to the findings of the present study and had discussed that more the animal is getting older more it is likely to have been infected, to remain infected, and to be dangerous to other animals (Koutinhouin et al, 2003).…”

“…The effect of the breed was highly significant without any risk of error between the screened animals (X 2 = 46.66541, P=0.000). Delafosse et al (2002); Omer et al (2002); Bonfoh et al (2012) found that the prevalence of brucellosis was significantly associated with breed. These reports corroborate with the findings of the present study.…”

Brucellosis in Immunocompromised Hosts

“…Several studies on seroprevalence of brucellosis in high risk human populations in countries which are endemic for the disease have shown that the seroprevalence figures are as follows: 8.8% in Kyrgyzstan; 2.2-21.6% in Bangladesh; 6.9% in Pakistan; 24.1% in Nigeria; 27.3% in Mongolia and 15% in Saudi Arabia [34][35][36][37][38][39].…”