Representing the C2 process in simulations: modelling the human decision-maker

Mason, C.R.; Moffat, J. W.

doi:10.1109/wsc.2000.899896

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Mason and Moffat have work on representing command and control decision-making in CGF systems to support operational analysis studies. 38,39 They also focused on planning, and divided the planning into two levels. The command agents at the top level implement a deliberate planning strategy that search for the optimal allocation of resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the behavior of a hierarchy of command agents with context-based reasoning

Løvlid

Bruvoll

Brathen

et al. 2017

Journal of Defense Modeling & Simulation

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Context-based reasoning is a paradigm for modeling agent behavior that is based on the idea that humans only use a small portion of their knowledge at any given time. It was specially designed to represent human tactical behavior and has been successfully implemented in systems with single agents or two agents working together. In this paper, we apply this idea in a hierarchical multi-agent system of command agents, where the agents' actions are to command and coordinate subordinates, send reports to their superiors, and communicate with other agents at the same level. We focus on how contexts and actions can be defined for these higher level command agents and how the contexts and actions for the different command agents are related. The proposed methodology is implemented and tested for a hierarchy of command agents that are interpreting and planning an operational order at a battalion level and carrying it out in a computer generated forces environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the behavior of a hierarchy of command agents with context-based reasoning

Løvlid

Bruvoll

Brathen

et al. 2017

Journal of Defense Modeling & Simulation

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“…Military C2 is described as the process by which commanders organize and employ forces to achieve military objectives (Mason and Moffat, 2000). Simulation and modeling of military C2 is recognized as one of the most challenging areas in defense analysis.…”

Section: Paradigm and Simulation Of Systems (Compass)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One approach for representing the whole C2 process in simulation was attempted for an Operations Other Than War (OOTW) simulation and a United Kingdom (UK) land-air combat simulation (Mason and Moffat, 2000). The simulation represented a range of C2 operations from top down rapid planning activities to bottom up deliberate planning activities.…”

Section: The State Of C2 Analysis and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Compass Paradigm for the Systematic Evaluation of U.S. Army Command and Control Systems Using Neural Network and Discrete Event Computer Simulation

Middlebrooks¹,

Jones²,

Henry³

2005

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(ABSTRACT)In today's technology based society the rapid proliferation of new machines and systems that would have been undreamed of only a few short years ago has become a way of life. Developments and advances especially in the areas of digital electronics and micro-circuitry have spawned subsequent technology based improvements in transportation, communications, entertainment, automation, the armed forces, and many other areas that would not have been possible otherwise. This rapid "explosion" of new capabilities and ways of performing tasks has been motivated as often as not by the philosophy that if it is possible to make something better or work faster or be more cost effective or operate over greater distances then it must inherently be good for the human operator. Taken further, these improvements typically are envisioned to consequently produce a more efficient operating system where the human operator is an integral component. The formal concept of human-system interface design has only emerged this century as a recognized academic discipline, however, the practice of developing ideas and concepts for systems containing human operators has been in existence since humans started experiencing cognitive thought.An example of a human system interface technology for communication and dissemination of written information that has evolved over centuries of trial and error development, is the book. It is no accident that the form and shape of the book of today is as it is. This is because it is a shape and form readily usable by human physiology whose optimal configuration was determined by centuries of effort and revision. This slow evolution was mirrored by a rate of technical evolution in printing and elsewhere that allowed new advances to be experimented with as part of the overall use requirement and need for the existence of the printed word and some way to contain it. Today, however, technology is advancing at such a rapid rate that evolutionary use requirements have no chance to develop along side the fast pace of technical progress. One result of this recognition is the establishment of disciplines like human factors engineering that have stated purposes and goals of systematic determination of good and bad human system interface designs. However, other results of this phenomenon are systems that get developed and placed into public use simply because new technology allowed them to be made. This development can proceed without a full appreciation of how the system might be used and, perhaps even more significantly, what impact the use of this new system might have on the operator within it.The U.S. Army has a term for this type of activity. It is called "stove-piped development." The implication of this term is that a system gets developed in isolation where the developers are only looking "up" and not "around." They are thus concerned only with how this system may work or be used for its own singular purposes as opposed to how it might be used in the larger community of existing systems and interfaces...

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