Reproducibility and Simplification of 13C-Octanoic Acid Breath Test for Gastric Emptying of Solids

Choi, Myung Gyu; Camilleri, Michael; Burton, Duane D.; Zinsmeister, Alan R.; Förström, L; Nair, K. Sreekumaran

doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.092_c.x

Cited by 115 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several studies [14][15][16][17] have found a significant correlation between this breath test and scintigraphy, which is the standard method for measuring the gastric emptying rate, and the 13 C-octanoic acid breath test is now considered a reliable and simple test for assessing gastric emptying. 13,[18][19][20][21][22] Several studies evaluating gastric emptying in patients with CRF have yielded conflicting results; in some of these, 1,3,5 gastric emptying was found to be delayed, while in others [23][24][25] it was unchanged, when using scintigraphy. Two studies 2,4 have shown delayed gastric emptying in patients with CRF, using real-time ultrasonography and the 13 C-octanoic acid breath test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impaired gastric motility and its relationship to gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic renal failure

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impaired gastric motility and its relationship to gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic renal failure

et al. 2005

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“…Although scintigraphy is usually considered to be the reference method for measuring gastric emptying in humans, several drawbacks (e.g., equipment, irradiation) limit its application in routine practice. On the other hand, breath tests correlate very well with scintigraphy (35,(45)(46)(47)(48). We used a formula method to determine the outcome parameters that reflects the biphasic nature of gastric emptying and allows calculation of the lag phase and rate of emptying for both solids and liquids (20,21).…”

Section: Control Cm3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Cellulose‐containing Weight‐loss Supplement on Gastric Emptying and Sensory Functions

Berthold¹,

Unverdorben²,

Degenhardt³

et al. 2008

Obesity

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2CM3, a highly cross-linked cellulose in capsule form, expands in the stomach to a size several fold of its original volume. It is purported to induce a prolonged feeling of satiation and a delay in gastric emptying, thus promoting weight loss. We examined whether CM3 delays gastric emptying (using the stable isotope 13 C-octanoic breath test) and whether it influences subjective feelings of appetite sensations (using visual analog scales, VASs). We performed a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial in 19 moderately obese but otherwise healthy subjects (mean age 55 ± 9 years, BMI 31.1 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 ). The subjects were treated with six capsules of CM3 or matching placebo 30 min before a standardized solid meal. Breath collection and VASs were performed over 4 h every 15 min and 30 min, respectively. Half-excretion time of 13 CO 2 in breath, indicating gastric emptying half time, was the primary outcome parameter. The study was powered to detect a change in gastric emptying of 20-30 min. Mean 13 CO 2 half-excretion time changed from 2.3 ± 0.4 to 2.4 ± 0.33 h (mean difference +6 min, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3 to +15 min; P = 0.17). Appetite sensations (hunger, satiation, fullness, prospective food consumption, desire to eat something sweet, salty, savory, or fatty) changed over time during the course of the postprandial phase but were not influenced by CM3 (repeated measures ANOVA). In obese subjects, acute administration of the weight-loss supplement CM3 does not delay gastric emptying and does not influence subjective appetite sensations.

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“…In the past few years, the most popular tests have been the scintigraphic method and the breath test (9,10,13,36). These methods have also been used in animal studies (4,9,47).…”

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Electroacupuncture improves rectal distension-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs

Yin

Chen

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Yin J, Chen JD. Electroacupuncture improves rectal distensioninduced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301: R465-R472, 2011. First published May 18, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00271.2010.-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on rectal distension (RD)-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs. Gastric emptying of solids was assessed in 12 dogs chronically implanted with a duodenal cannula by collecting samples at different time points from the cannula and measuring the dried weights of the samples. Bethanechol and atropine were used to qualitatively validate the method. In separate experiments, gastric emptying of solids was measured in a number of sessions: control, RD, RD ϩ sham-EA, RD ϩ EA of 6 mA, RD ϩ EA of 3 mA, and RD ϩ EA ϩ naloxone. The method of gastric emptying by collecting and drying gastric chyme from the duodenal cannula was found to be accurate and reliable. Using the method, we found gastric emptying to be accelerated with bethanechol (70.01 Ϯ 8.10% vs. 82.61 Ϯ 4.15%, P ϭ 0.04, vs. control) and delayed with atropine (4.31 Ϯ 1.57%, P Ͻ 0.001, vs. control). RD substantially and significantly delayed gastric emptying. EA, but not sham-EA, attenuated delayed gastric emptying induced by RD (sham-EA: 48.79 Ϯ 9.47% vs. EA: 74.28 Ϯ 5.96%, P Ͻ 0.01). The effect was more potent with EA of 6 mA than EA of 3 mA and blocked by naloxone. EA is able to attenuate RD-induced delay in gastric emptying of solids, and this ameliorating effect may be mediated via the opioid pathway. EA may have a therapeutic potential for treating delayed gastric emptying attributed to lower gut distension. gastrointestinal motility; acupuncture; gastroparesis; constipation PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC, IDIOPATHIC, slow-transit constipation and constipation-dominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) frequently complain of upper abdominal symptoms, such as bloating, upper abdominal discomfort or pain, and vomiting. These symptoms are related to the presence of reduced motor activities attributed to impaired gastric antral contractions and myoelectrical activity, and delayed gastric emptying, as well as slow small bowel transit (1,3,14,38). The abnormality of upper gastrointestinal motility may be related to fecal stasis in the rectum or colon, causing reflexive inhibition (5,11,20,54). Rectal (balloon) distension (RD) mimicking fecal or gas stasis in the colorectal region is one of constipation models commonly used in the study of upper gastrointestinal motor activity. A number of studies have reported that RD impairs gastric myoelectrical activities, gastric tone, and gastric accommodation; reduces antral contractions; delays gastric emptying, and inhibits small-intestine motility in dogs and humans (1,2,7,11,21,39,54).Clinically, there are overlapping symptoms between functional dyspepsia and IBS-C (12, 44). Currently, there is a lack of effective medications for treating both upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Acupuncture i...

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Reproducibility and Simplification of 13C-Octanoic Acid Breath Test for Gastric Emptying of Solids

Abstract: The 13C-octanoic acid breath test for gastric emptying of solids is as reproducible as scintigraphy. A subset of 11 sampling times provides sufficient information to characterize the whole breath-test curve, but the sampling period should be extended to 6 h after dosing.

Cited by 115 publications

References 12 publications

Impaired gastric motility and its relationship to gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic renal failure

Impaired gastric motility and its relationship to gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic renal failure

Effect of a Cellulose‐containing Weight‐loss Supplement on Gastric Emptying and Sensory Functions

Electroacupuncture improves rectal distension-induced delay in solid gastric emptying in dogs

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