Reproduction-Associated Hormones and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Wan, Lily; Huang, Rou-Jie; Luo, Zhaohui; Gong, Jianping; Pan, Aihua; Manavis, Jim; Yan, Xiao‐Xin; Xiao, Bo

doi:10.1155/2021/3651735

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 188 publications

(267 reference statements)

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“…A woman’s mood is affected by the cyclical fluctuations of menstruation, particularly serum estrogen levels ( 59 ). Hypoestrogenism in young women with FHA is strongly related to the activity changes of various neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and neurosteroids in the brain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review

Chen¹,

Lu²,

Zhou³

et al. 2023

Ann Transl Med

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Background and Objective Weight loss-related amenorrhea is defined as the reversible functional inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis associated with weight loss or low body weight, which occurs mostly in adolescents and women of reproductive age. The specific pathological mechanisms of this disease have not yet been elucidated, and the optimal evidence-based guidelines for its clinical assessment and management are limited. This review summarizes its adverse effects on female health, and the individualized, emerging, and multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches used to treat it. Methods We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for Chinese and English literature on functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), and retrieved original articles (on basic and clinical research) and reviews published up to December 2022. Key Content and Findings We reviewed the findings on the unfavorable effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea with a focus on reproduction, the skeletal and cardiovascular system, other endocrine effects, and mental health. Lifestyle changes and hormonal replacement have been shown to alleviate the underlying causes and lead to the recovery of menstruation. However, the efficacy of treatments is affected by many factors, such as psychological stress and heterogeneity. Conclusions Weight loss-related amenorrhea, which is an important type of FHA, is manifested by anovulation and hypoestrogenism, and has both short- and long-term adverse effects on women’s overall health. It is difficult to alleviate its underlying causes. Individualized treatments need to be optimized and emerging or multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches need to be explored that aim to recover normal menstruation and ovulation, eliminate the undesirable effects of prolonged hypoestrogenism and alleviate psychological disorders.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review

Chen¹,

Lu²,

Zhou³

et al. 2023

Ann Transl Med

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“…The drop in progesterone allows for the initiation of uterine involution, a process that may influence microbial dynamics in the postpartum uterus [41][42][43]. The physiological changes associated with involution, such as increased blood flow and changes in uterine secretions, can alter the microbial habitat, leading to shifts in community composition and diversity [34,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Tract Microbial Transitions from Late Gestation to Early Postpartum Using 16S rRNA Metagenetic Profiling in First-Pregnancy Heifers

Druker,

Sicsic,

Ravid

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Studies in recent years indicate that microbial communities residing in the reproductive tract are crucial for shaping mammals’ health and reproductive outcomes. Following parturition, female mammals often exhibit uterine bacterial contamination due to the open cervix allowing microbes from the vaginal microbiota or the environment to enter. This contamination may be associated with postpartum uterine inflammatory diseases, which are more prevalent among primiparous than multiparous individuals, as reported in dairy cows and women. However, investigations into the spatio-temporal microbial transitions in the reproductive tract of primigravid heifers and women remain limited. Our objective was to describe and compare the community compositions in the vagina at late gestation and in the vagina and uterus at early postpartum, in first-pregnancy heifers. Three swab samples were collected from 33 first-pregnancy Holstein-Friesian heifers: vaginal samples at gestation day 258±4, and vaginal and uterine samples at postpartum day 7±2. Each sample underwent 16S rRNA V4 region metagenetic analysis via Illumina MiSeq, with bioinformatics following Mothur MiSeq SOP. Results revealed distinct shifts in microbial composition between the prepartum vagina, postpartum vagina, and postpartum uterus. The late gestation vaginal and early postpartum uterine microbial profiles were the most distinct, with postpartum vaginal samples serving as intermediaries. The postpartum uterus exhibited lower richness and diversity compared to the prepartum and postpartum vagina. Specific microbial markers were associated with anatomical and temporal transitions, indicating a dynamic microbial landscape associated with parturition. The observed differences in phyla and genera across reproductive sites highlight the complexity of these ecosystems, expending avenues for future research in reproductive biology, microbial ecology, and reproductive tract diseases.

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“…The high plasticity of the adult hippocampus is closely related to neurogenesis, and its structure and function are extremely sensitive to estrogen. Estrogen participates in the regulation of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory throughout the female life cycle, including the physiological cycle, pregnancy, lactation, perimenopause, and post-menopause [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. However, most current studies have focused on the role and regulation of ovarian-derived estrogen [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-Derived Estrogen Regulates Neurogenesis, Learning and Memory with Aging in Female Rats

Huang

Sun

Gao

et al. 2023

Biology

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Although 17β-estradiol (E2) can be locally synthesized in the brain, whether and how brain-derived E2 (BDE2) impacts neurogenesis with aging is largely unclear. In this study, we examined the hippocampal neural stem cells, neurogenesis, and gliogenesis of 1, 3, 6, 14, and 18-month (Mon) female rats. Female forebrain neuronal aromatase knockout (FBN-ARO-KO) rats and letrozole-treated rats were also employed. We demonstraed that (1) the number of neural stem cells declined over 14-Mon age, and the differentiation of astrocytes and microglia markedly elevated and exhibited excessive activation. KO rats showed declines in astrocyte A2 subtype and elevation in A1 subtype at 18 Mon; (2) neurogenesis sharply dropped from 1-Mon age; (3) KO suppressed dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis at 1, 6 and 18 Mon. Additionally, KO and letrozole treatment led to declined neurogenesis at 1-Mon age, compared to age-matched WT controls; (4) FBN-ARO-KO inhibited CREB-BDNF activation, and decreased protein levels of neurofilament, spinophilin and PSD95. Notably, hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory was impaired in juvenile (1 Mon) and adulthood (6 Mon) KO rats. Taken together, we demonstrated that BDE2 plays a pivotal role for hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as learning and memory during female aging, especially in juvenile and middle age.

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Reproduction-Associated Hormones and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Cited by 12 publications

References 188 publications

The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review

The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women’s health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review

Reproductive Tract Microbial Transitions from Late Gestation to Early Postpartum Using 16S rRNA Metagenetic Profiling in First-Pregnancy Heifers

Brain-Derived Estrogen Regulates Neurogenesis, Learning and Memory with Aging in Female Rats

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