Reproduction impact of mancozeb on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) and accumulation of its carcinogen metabolite, ethylene thiourea in fish products

Abstract

Pesticides can be taken up from the water and accumulated in tissues of hydrobionts, often becoming multiplied thousands of times higher in the organism than in the surrounding water. The dithiocarbamate mancozeb is applied in plant protection as fungicide. In recent years the amount of mancozeb used in Europe significantly increased. It is carcinogen due to its metabolite -ethylene thiourea (ETU), which causes thyroid and pituitary tumors. The purpose of this study is to determinate the quantity of ethylene thiourea in products of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.), reared in environment containing permissible, according to the European law, amount of mancozeb. Seeking an answer to the question: is this concentration limit really safe for the reproduction of rainbow trout and can the more toxic metabolite -ETU, be accumulated in the fish eggs and fillet and afterwards make them harmful to the consumers? The study included 3 stages: feeding, analysis of ethylene thiourea in fish eggs and fillet by a new developed and validated HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method and study of the reproductive indicators. The assays of ETU in all analyzed samples (fish and water) were below the limit of quantification of the method, 0.05 mg*l -1

MN and ZN content in eggs and musculature of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss W. ) treated with fungicide mancozeb and pigment astaxanthin

“…The Commission Directive 2005/72/EC (15) defines Mancozeb as fungicide, which is a polymer blend of Zn and Mn-ethylene dithiocarbamates. According to our research, the metabolic product of this fungicideethylene thiourea -does not accumulate in large quantities in the organism and the eggs and does not have a toxic effect even after prolonged treatment of adult individuals of salmonid fish (16). As for concentrations of Mn and Zn contained in the mentioned fungicide, their accumulation has been observed even after the use of acceptable amounts of Mancozeb as treatment.…”

“…The determination of the concentration of astaxanthin in the samples was made according to the procedure described by Tzanova et al (2018) (38) and Tzanova, (2017) (16).…”

Accumulation of Astaxanthin and Canthaxanthin in Liver and Gonads of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)) Reared in Water Containing the Fungicide Mancozeb in Concentration Level Permitted by European Legislation

“…The Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2087 restricted the use of crop protection products based on MZ in the EU since 4 January 2022 [7]. However, worldwide, the amount used in the agriculture has increased significantly in recent years [8,9]. Dithiocarbamates are strong chelating agents and can directly interact with signaling proteins and enzymes.…”

Prospects of development of aquaculture in Russia and its regions

“…However, aquaculture production share in total harvest (catch) of aquatic biological resources was only 3.7% in 2016, while in China this parametr is over 70%, in India -50%, in Norway -almost 40%. Main volume of commercial fish grown in Russia are Cyprinidae (its share is 65%), Salmonidae (24%), share of other species is 11% [6][7][8][9][10]. Bulk was produced on small-and medium-sized enterprises (Table 4).…”