Reproduction in Eurasian wild boar in central Punjab, Pakistan

Ahmad, Ejaz; Brooks, Joe E.; Hussain, Ishtiaq; Khan, Muhammad Hassan

doi:10.4098/at.arch.95-17

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Data on the females shot in this particular estate (n=23) were used to estimate the percentage that were of reproductive age (68 %). This percentage had been estimated by Ahmad et al [31] to be 61 %. Harvest was known in detail for this hunting estate.…”

Section: Other Abundance Indicesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Estimation of European wild boar relative abundance and aggregation: a novel method in epidemiological risk assessment

et al. 2006

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SUMMARYWild boars are important disease reservoirs. It is well known that abundance estimates are needed in wildlife epidemiology, but the expense and effort required to obtain them is prohibitive. We evaluated a simple method based on the frequency of faecal droppings found on transects (FBII), and developed a spatial aggregation index, based on the runs test statistic. Estimates were compared with hunting data, and with porcine circovirus and Aujeszky's disease virus seroprevalences and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Metastrongylus spp. prevalence. The FBII and the aggregation index were correlated with the hunting index, but both of the former estimates correlated better than the latter with the disease prevalences. Hence, at least in habitats with high wild boar densities, the FBII combined with the aggregation index constitutes a cheap and reliable alternative for wild boar abundance estimation that can be used for epidemiological risk assessment, even outside the hunting season and in areas with no available data on hunting activities.

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Section: Other Abundance Indicesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Estimation of European wild boar relative abundance and aggregation: a novel method in epidemiological risk assessment

et al. 2006

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“…A breeding 'rest' period can occur during the warmer and longer daylight months, referred to by Aumaitre et al (1984), Mauget et al (1984) and Pépin et al (1987) as the summer anoestrus; however, the presence of three piglets 3 months old and five piglets 6 months old in the January and December Central Portuguese hunting bags, indicates that some females can be pregnant or give birth in summer. In most wild boar populations, the summer births are related to excellent mast crop years and favourable environmental and climatic factors, and also to the puberty body weight and the length of the lactation period (Mauget 1972;Singer and Ackerman 1981;Ahmad et al 1995;Durio et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive performance of wild boar females in Portugal

et al. 2010

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Reproductive tracts of 214 female wild boars collected in Central Portugal between October and February over the period 1997 to 2001 were examined. From this material, we were able to determine reproductive phenology (conception and birth periods) as well as age and weight of sows at puberty, ovulation rates of adults, foetal sex ratio, levels of intrauterine mortality, final litter size and postnatal mortality. Differences between year, region, age and body weight were analysed. A total of 66.8% of the females examined were gestating or lactating and 96.3% of these weighed >40 kg. The highest proportions of pregnant sows were found in the adult age/weight classes (74%). None of the juvenile females (1 year old and younger) were lactating and only 7% was pregnant. The average number of foetuses/female (4.1±1.2SD) and that of corpora lutea per female (4.6±1.7SD) increased from lighter and younger to heavier and older wild sows. Foetal sex ratio was biased towards males (1.3:1). Observed intrauterine mortality rate (9.7%) and postnatal mortality (6.3%) were among the lowest recorded in European wild boar populations. The productivity rate of the Central Portuguese wild boar population was calculated as 1.1 young per individual in the population. Conception and birth periods did not differ significantly between the considered 4 years. Birth synchronisation was pronounced in all the years, with a peak of births occurring in March.

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“…Summer infertility primarily manifests as either (1) difficulty in coming into oestrus, expressed as delayed puberty in gilts, extended weaning-to-oestrus interval in sows, or increased anoestrus in both gilts and sows; or (2) higher rates of pregnancy failure with irregular returns to service, which may be attributed to untimely ovulation or early embryonic loss (Paterson et al 1978;Hughes and van Wettere 2010); and/or (3) reduced fertility potential in the male (Wettemann and Bazer 1985;Boma and Bilkei 2006;Auvigne et al 2010). Although the domestic pig may breed throughout the year, the seasonal reproductive activity of wild boars/sows (Sus scrofa ferus) is attributed to either decreasing day length, summer rainfall and/or the availability of food (Ahmad et al 1995;Rosell et al 2012).…”

Section: Summer Infertility: the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting summer infertility in the pig: could heat stress-induced sperm DNA damage negatively affect early embryo development?

Peña

Gummow

Parker³

et al. 2017

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract.Temperature is a crucial factor in mammalian spermatogenesis. The scrotum, pampiniform plexus, and cremaster and dartos muscles in mammals are specific adaptations to ensure sperm production in a regulated environment 4À6 C below internal body temperature. However, the limited endogenous antioxidant systems inherent in mammalian spermatozoa compounded by the loss of cytosolic repair mechanisms during spermatogenesis, make the DNA in these cells particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Boar sperm is likely to be more susceptible to the effects of heat stress and thus oxidative damage due to the relatively high unsaturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane, low antioxidant capacity in boar seminal plasma, and the boar's non-pendulous scrotum. Heat stress has a significant negative impact on reproductive performance in piggeries, which manifests as summer infertility and results in productivity losses that amount to millions of dollars. This problem is particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where ambient temperatures rise beyond the animal's zone of thermal comfort. Based on preliminary studies in the pig and other species, this article discusses whether heat stress could induce sufficient DNA damage in boar sperm to significantly contribute to the high rates of embryo loss and pregnancy failure observed in the sow during summer infertility. Heat stress-induced damage to sperm DNA can lead to disrupted expression of key developmental genes essential for the differentiation of early cell lineages, such as the trophectoderm, and can distort the timely formation of the blastocyst; resulting in a failure of implantation and ultimately pregnancy loss. Confirming such a link would prompt greater emphasis on boar management and strategies to mitigate summer infertility during periods of heat stress.

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Reproduction in Eurasian wild boar in central Punjab, Pakistan

Cited by 31 publications

References 12 publications

Estimation of European wild boar relative abundance and aggregation: a novel method in epidemiological risk assessment

Estimation of European wild boar relative abundance and aggregation: a novel method in epidemiological risk assessment

Reproductive performance of wild boar females in Portugal

Revisiting summer infertility in the pig: could heat stress-induced sperm DNA damage negatively affect early embryo development?

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