Reproduction in upheaval: Ethnic-specific fertility responses to societal turbulence in Kazakhstan

Agadjanian, Victor; Dommaraju, Premchand; Glick, Jennifer E.

doi:10.1080/02615470802045433

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Finally, a recent study on Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and Uzbekistan, using individual demographic and macro-economic data, and combining event-history and time-series analyses, shows that: (1) during less favourable economic years, marriage was postponed in Uzbekistan, whereas no marriage postponement was observed in Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic, with women in rural areas marrying in higher proportions during FERTILITY CHANGES IN CENTRAL ASIA SINCE 1980 55 these years; and (2) at each birth order, the transition to the next birth was postponed during the difficult years in all three countries (Schumacher & Spoorenberg, 2010). Furthermore, confirming the conclusion of Agadjanian et al (2008), this study also indicates that higher-order births in Kazakhstan, where the onset of fertility decline was earlier and fertility level was lower at the break-up of the Soviet Union, were less responsive to the structural changes and were certainly related to earlier fertility changes.…”

Section: Thomas Spoorenbergsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Analysing the timing of first and second marital births in Uzbekistan, Agadjanian and Makarova (2003) have shown that the behavioural changes (postponement of the first and the second births) are concentrated only in the post-independence years. Relating the changes in first, second and third marital births by ethnicity in Kazakhstan, Agadjanian, Dommaraju, and Glick (2008) observe, like in Uzbekistan, a postponement of the first two marital births, with the transition to the second birth showing more sensitivity to the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, the changes in the transition to the third birth are related to demographic changes that preceded the end of the Soviet Union.…”

Section: Thomas Spoorenbergmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Similarly, according to the same survey, Central Asian married women of the titular ethnicities experienced higher proportions of second, third and fourth births, as well as shorter mean birth intervals, compared to women of other Soviet republics (Darsky, 1994;Darsky & Scherbov, 1990). Indeed, in each country, studies have shown important and enduring FERTILITY CHANGES IN CENTRAL ASIA SINCE 1980 57 specific ethno-cultural demographic behaviours resulting not only from different historical processes, but also linked to divergent political and economic interests and benefits among the different parts of the population Agadjanian & Makarova, 2003;Agadjanian et al, 2008).…”

Section: Thomas Spoorenbergmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fertility Changes in Central Asia Since 1980

Spoorenberg¹

2013

Asian Population Studies

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Limited studies document the fertility changes in Central Asia. Using survey and official data, this study describes the fertility changes since 1980 in Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan. I first consider the swift decline in fertility in the 1980s and 1990s through the analysis of Synthetic Parity Progression Ratios (SPPRs). SPPRs show that women still have at least one child despite economic difficulties and that the end of communism affected more the transition to higher-order births. These results are however influenced by economic and demographic factors specific to each country. I investigate then the fertility upturn that is observed since the early 2000s*an issue neglected so far by demographers. Results from the analysis of official and household data show that in each country, the recent fertility increase resulted from the increase of distinct birth orders and was concentrated in specific ethnic groups.

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Section: Thomas Spoorenbergsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Thomas Spoorenbergmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Thomas Spoorenbergmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fertility Changes in Central Asia Since 1980

Spoorenberg¹

2013

Asian Population Studies

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“…Thus, Agadjanian and Makarova (2003, p. 471) argue that post-independence economic hardship in Uzbekistan in the early 1990s acted to discourage births 'beyond the minimally acceptable one child'. Similarly, Agadjanian et al (2008) show that first birth rates in Kazakhstan were relatively stable, in comparison to rates at higher orders, until the mid-1990s, consistent with an increase in the share of first births in total fertility during this period (Becker and Hemley 1998). From the mid-1990s, however, there is evidence for a decrease in the rate of first births within marriage in Kazakhstan , and a decrease in the first marriage rate in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan .…”

Section: Post-socialist Fertility Decline In Europe and Central Asiamentioning

confidence: 87%

Through Civil War, Food Crisis and Drought: Trends in Fertility and Nuptiality in Post-Soviet Tajikistan

2010

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This article has two objectives. First, it aims to complement and extend existing research on post-socialist demographic change, which has thus far tended to focus on Central and Eastern Europe. It does this by describing the nature of postSoviet trends in nuptiality and fertility in Tajikistan, the republic with the highest rate of population growth during the Soviet period. It finds evidence for a decrease in period fertility after independence: initially, through a decline at higher orders; then, through a significant decrease in the rate of first births, associated with a dramatic decrease in the rate of first union formation since the mid-1990s. Second, it aims to contribute to the demography of conflict and of food crisis. Most clearly, it finds strong evidence for a decrease in nuptiality and fertility associated with the 1995 food crisis.Keywords Post-Soviet Á Central Asia Á Tajikistan Á Fertility Á Union formation Á Civil war Á Food crisis Résumé Cet article a deux objectifs. Premièrement, il contribue à enrichir et élargir les recherches relatives aux changements démographiques observés au cours de la période post-socialiste, focalisées jusqu'à présent sur l'Europe Centrale et Orientale, en décrivant les caractéristiques des évolutions post-soviétiques de la nuptialité et de la fécondité au Tadjikistan, République ayant eu le taux de croissance de la population le plus élevé au cours de la période soviétique. Après l'indépendance, le déclin de la fécondité transversale a d'abord débuté par une baisse des naissances de rangs élevés, puis a continué avec une baisse du taux des naissances de premier rang associée à une chute dramatique du taux de formation de la première union depuis le

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“…Marital dynamics in Kazakhstan, which has a large non-titular population, may be particularly informative for such inter-ethnic comparisons. Earlier analyses of fertility trends in that country have detected substantial differences in fertility patterns and timing of Kazakhs, on the one hand, and Russians and other groups of European origin, on the other hand (Agadjanian & Qian 1997;Agadjanian 1999Agadjanian , 2002Agadjanian et al forthcoming 2008a). Analyses of ethnic differences of transition to first marriage using survey data from mid-1990s also point to a higher probability of entry into first marriage among Russians and other Europeans in Kazakhstan, compared to the native group (Agadjanian 1999).…”

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confidence: 87%

Nuptiality in Soviet and Post-Soviet Central Asia

Dommaraju¹,

Agadjanian²

2008

Asian Population Studies

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over two decades preceding and one decade following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, using census and Demographic Health Survey data. Although marriage remained universal through the end of that period, marriage age increased, and for younger cohorts, marriage rates declined considerably. Marriage age began to increase in the years following independence and there are no signs of any reversal. Within these countries marriage rates showed significant variation by educational achievement, and a much smaller variation by ruralÁ urban residence. In Kazakhstan, ethnic differences in marriage age*Russians marrying earlier than the native Kazakhs*began to narrow. During the years of social, political and economic turmoil that preceded and followed independence, marriage rates increased dramatically followed by a steep decline in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan but not in Kazakhstan. Explanations of these trends are proposed based on the literature on demographic adjustments to social crises and the specifics of Central Asia's historico-cultural and socio-economic contexts.

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Reproduction in upheaval: Ethnic-specific fertility responses to societal turbulence in Kazakhstan

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

Fertility Changes in Central Asia Since 1980

Fertility Changes in Central Asia Since 1980

Through Civil War, Food Crisis and Drought: Trends in Fertility and Nuptiality in Post-Soviet Tajikistan

Nuptiality in Soviet and Post-Soviet Central Asia

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