Reproduction of RNA Bacteriophages

Eoyang, Lillian; August, J. T.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2700-4_1

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 325 publications

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“…Conservation of identical trinucleotide or longer sequences at the 5' ends of the segmented genomes of influenza A and B viruses suggests an important selection factor during evolution. One possibility is that the RNA polymerase exhibits template specificity, as has been shown for bacteriophage QB (10). Another possibility is that a specific RNA sequence is needed for packaging the genome RNAs.…”

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confidence: 97%

Common Sequence at the 5′ Ends of the Segmented RNA Genomes of Influenza A and B Viruses

Moss

Keith

Gershowitz

et al. 1978

J Virol

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Guanylyl-and methyltransferases, isolated from purified vaccinia virus, were used to specifically label the 5' ends of the genome RNAs of influenza A and B viruses. All eight segments were labeled with [a-32P]guanosine 5'-triphosphate or S-adenosyl[methyl-3H]methionine to form "cap" structures of the type m7G(5')pppNm-, of which unmethylated (p)ppNrepresents the original 5' end. Further analyses indicated *that m7G(5')pppAm, m7G(5')pppAmpGp, and m7G(5')pppAmpGpUp were released from total and individual labeled RNA segments by digestion with nuclease P1, RNase Ti, and RNase A, respectively. Consequently, the 5'-terminal sequences of most or all individual genome RNAs of influenza A and B viruses were deduced to be (p)ppApGpUp. The presence of identical sequences at the ends of RNA segments of both types of influenza viruses indicates that they have been specifically conserved during evolution.

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mentioning

confidence: 97%

Common Sequence at the 5′ Ends of the Segmented RNA Genomes of Influenza A and B Viruses

Moss

Keith

Gershowitz

et al. 1978

J Virol

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Evolution of Polynucleotides

Schuster

1983

Supramolecular Structure and Function

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Lack of Temperature Sensitivity of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerases Isolated from Tobacco Plants Infected with ts Mutants of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus

Linthorst

Bol

Jaspars

1980

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYEnzyme activities of particulate and solubilized RNA-dependent RNA polymerase preparations from tobacco plants infected with IO ts mutants of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), having their mutations in each of the three parts of the virus genome, were found to behave similarly with respect to temperature as compared to preparations obtained from plants infected with wild type AMV or from uninfected plants. Thus it is very unlikely that a virus-specific protein is involved in these in vitro RNA polymerase activities.RNA viruses are thought to induce a specific RNA-dependent RNA polymerase because such enzymes would not be present in host cells. For RNA bacteriophages RNA replicases encoded for by the virus genome have indeed been established (Eoyang & August, I974). RNA polymerases have also been found for eukaryotic negative-stranded and doublestranded RNA viruses. The latter enzymes, which occur in the virions, play a role at least in primary RNA transcription, but may also be involved in RNA replication (Bishop & Flamand, I975 No virus-specific protein, apart from the coat protein, could be demonstrated in purified RNA polymerase extracts of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV)-infected tobacco leaves. RNAdependent RNA polymerase activity in uninfected tobacco is remarkably like that found in extracts from AMV-infected plants (Bol et al. I976; Clerx & Bol, I978), a situation similar to that reported for some other plant viruses (LeRoy et al. 1977; Ikegami & FraenkelConrat, 1978; Romaine & Zaitlin, 1978). Since these findings conflict with current ideas on RNA virus replication as well as on RNA synthesis in uninfected cells, we took a new approach in our search for a virus-specified protein in RNA polymerase extracts from AMV infected plants.We compared the temperature behaviour of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase extracts from tobacco leaves infected with ts mutants, which show virtually no growth at 3o °C (Van Vloten-Doting et aL t979), with that of similar extracts from wild type-infected and uninfected leaves. AMV has a genome consisting of three RNA molecules. i shows the activity of the m e m b r a n e bound enzymes at the three different temperatures. A t 25 °C the incorporation by enzyme from wild type-infected leaves was usually two to seven times higher than that of mock-inoculated leaves and ranged from 5000 to I o o o o c t / m i n . The incorporation by m e m b r a n e -b o u n d enzymes from mutant-infected leaves was comparable to that of wild type-infected leaves. All enzyme activities responded similarly to an enhancement o f the incubation temperature: at 3o YC there is no significant change, but at 35 °C the incorporation is reduced by about 15 %. The same conclusion can be drawn from Fig. 2, showing the results obtained with the solubilized enzymes. In this case, the incorporation by enzymes from virus-infected leaves was three to four times higher than that from mock-inoculated leaves and ranged from 5000 to 15 00o ct/min. 514Short communicationsThe results demonstrate that the synthesis in vitro ...

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Reproduction of RNA Bacteriophages

Cited by 6 publications

References 325 publications

Common Sequence at the 5′ Ends of the Segmented RNA Genomes of Influenza A and B Viruses

Common Sequence at the 5′ Ends of the Segmented RNA Genomes of Influenza A and B Viruses

Evolution of Polynucleotides

Lack of Temperature Sensitivity of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerases Isolated from Tobacco Plants Infected with ts Mutants of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus

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