Reproduction of white etching cracks under rolling contact loading on thrust bearing and two-disc test rigs

Guzmán, Francisco Gutiérrez; Oezel, M.; Jacobs, Georg; Burghardt, Gero; Broeckmann, C.; Janitzky, T.

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2017.06.020

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Slip has been shown to influence the formation of WECs in both FAG-FE8 and three ring roller micropitting rig (MPR) tests using the same 'special' oil known used in this study [29,55,56], where evidence for the influence of negative slip being more dominant in WSF over positive slip is provided [56]. More recently the influence of slip on WEC formations has also been shown in a two-disc test rig set-up, where again negative slip showed dominance in WEC production in contrast to positive [57]. This dominance has been attributed to higher material stressing, lowered fracture mechanic properties under alternating load and preferential surface crack propagation due to the traction force and surface motion vectors pointing in the same direction in negative slip as opposed to positive [57].…”

Section: Wec Initiation and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…More recently the influence of slip on WEC formations has also been shown in a two-disc test rig set-up, where again negative slip showed dominance in WEC production in contrast to positive [57]. This dominance has been attributed to higher material stressing, lowered fracture mechanic properties under alternating load and preferential surface crack propagation due to the traction force and surface motion vectors pointing in the same direction in negative slip as opposed to positive [57]. It is proposed that negative slip results in the compressive closure of cracks enhancing the crack rubbing mechanism for WEA formation [56].…”

Section: Wec Initiation and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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The Evolution of White Etching Cracks (WECs) in Rolling Contact Fatigue-Tested 100Cr6 Steel

et al. 2017

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The formation of white etching cracks (WECs) in steel rolling element bearings can lead to the premature rolling contact fatigue (RCF) failure mode called white structure flaking. Driving mechanisms are still debated but are proposed to be combinations of mechanical, tribochemical and electrical effects. A number of studies have been conducted to record and map WECs in RCF-tested samples and bearings failed from the field. For the first time, this study uses serial sectioning metallography techniques on non-hydrogen charged test samples over a range of test durations to capture the evolution of WEC formation from their initiation to final flaking. Clear evidence for subsurface initiation at non-metallic inclusions was observed at the early stages of WEC formation, and with increasing test duration the propagation of these cracks from the subsurface region to the contact surface eventually causing flaking. In addition, an increase in the amount of associated microstructural changes adjacent to the cracks is observed, this being indicative of the crack being a prerequisite of the microstructural alteration.

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Section: Wec Initiation and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Wec Initiation and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Evolution of White Etching Cracks (WECs) in Rolling Contact Fatigue-Tested 100Cr6 Steel

et al. 2017

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“…Three different bearings from wind turbine gearboxes, which had been affected by WEC formation were used as demonstration of the XCT technique, as well as a bearing from a laboratory test rig used for accelerated WEC tests for comparison, see table 1. [17], these conditions lead to reproducible WEC induced failures with a Weibull β-value of 2.4. Ultrasonic measurements and optical microscopy showed extensive presence of subsurface WEC, further information can be found in [18].…”

Section: Specimen Informationmentioning

confidence: 96%

3D X-ray computerized tomography of White Etching Cracks (WEC)

Danielsen

Carrasco

Fæster

et al. 2019

Materials Characterization

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“…The larger the preload, the more intense is the vibration. When the preload is rather large, the lubrication between the roller and the raceway changes from oil film lubrication to boundary lubrication [39][40][41] and the vibration increases sharply.…”

Section: Effect Of External Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of grease on bearing vibration performance caused by short-time high-temperature exposure

Xiong

et al. 2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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A short-time high-temperature environment is a common working condition in the use of bearings; it can occur as rapid heating before interference assembly of a bearing, or in a quick shutdown due to failure and heating of other parts of equipment. However, the current research mainly focuses on the influence of long-term high temperatures on bearing lubrication. In this paper, the 6204DDU ball bearing with lithium soap/mineral oil (paraffin base type) grease and fatty acid soap/mineral oil (refined white oil) grease (white grease) is investigated. The recovery performance of the two greases after a short-time high temperature is studied. It is found that a large number of fractures occur in the soap fibre of the white grease after 20 min exposure in 140 °C temperature environments, while lithium grease remains in a good working condition. The vibration velocity with white grease decreases during a temperature falls from 110 °C to the heated balanced temperature, while the vibration velocities with lithium grease is without significant fluctuations. Before and after heating, the vibration velocities in middle frequency band of rolling bearings with lithium grease and white grease increase with the increase in preload, but it is the opposite in the high frequency band except for white grease after heating condition. Infiltration with a small amount of water or oil can greatly affect the performance of white grease. Water can emulsify the white oil and accelerates the oxidation of white grease. The structure of the L-AN32 oil contaminant is different from that of white oil, resulting in uneven dispersion of saponified crystals and obvious flocculent agglomeration is presented.

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Reproduction of white etching cracks under rolling contact loading on thrust bearing and two-disc test rigs

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

The Evolution of White Etching Cracks (WECs) in Rolling Contact Fatigue-Tested 100Cr6 Steel

The Evolution of White Etching Cracks (WECs) in Rolling Contact Fatigue-Tested 100Cr6 Steel

3D X-ray computerized tomography of White Etching Cracks (WEC)

Effect of grease on bearing vibration performance caused by short-time high-temperature exposure

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