Reproductive and economic impact following controlled introduction of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus into a naive group of heifers

Rodning, Soren P.; Givens, M. Daniel; Marley, M.S.D.; Zhang, Y.; Riddell, K.P.; Galik, P.K.; Hathcock, Terri; Gard, J. A.; Prevatt, J. Walter; Owsley, W. F.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.05.031

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, since it is a complex and expensive test, ELISA has been used in Europe as an alternative, as it is faster and cheaper. In addition, can be applied to individual samples or serum and milk pools, especially in unvaccinated herds (HOUE et al, 2006;PRESI;HEIM, 2010;ROSSMANITH et al, 2010;STAHL;ALENIUS, 2012;BOOTH et al, 2013).…”

Section: Bovine Viral Diarrhea (Bvd) Is Caused By An Rna-virus Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has become an important viral infectious agent of bovines, and is considered endemic in many regions (BACHOFEN et al, 2013). It is believed that the economic impact of these infections cannot be estimated, as the virus causes sudden losses due to subfertility and immunosuppression in infected animals (RODNING et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infection in the semiarid of the state of Paraíba, in the northeast region of Brazil

Marques

Assis

Simões

et al. 2016

SCA

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has become an important viral infectious agent in cows and is considered endemic in many regions. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological status of BVDV in bovine herds in the semiarid of the state of Paraíba, in northeastern Brazil, by determining the frequency of anti-BVDV antibodies and risk factors associated with the infection. We tested 359 cows from 20 farms. Three had a history of clinically suspected bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) or mucosal disease (MD), whereas the other 17 locations were randomly selected. Detection of anti-BVDV antibodies was performed by indirect ELISA using a commercial kit (IDEXX BVDV p80 Ab Test). Risk factor analysis was performed in two steps, univariate and multivariate analysis. Seven samples were considered suspicious and were excluded from the analysis of seropositive animals. Of 352 animals, 141 (40.1 %; 95% CI = 34. 9% -45.2 %) were seropositive. Of the 20 farms analyzed, 19 (95%) had seropositive animals and the frequency of seropositivity per farm varied between 4.5 % and 85.7 %. The risk factors identified were as follows: area ≤ 120 hectares (OR = 3.06; 95% CI = 1.43 -6.53), high animal density (OR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.24-9.79), weaning age ≤ 60 days (OR = 10.99; 95% CI = 1.31-91.9), exchange of animals (OR = 4.95; 95% CI = 2.08-11.8), calf mortality > 5% (OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.07-5.11), and use of natural breeding and artificial insemination (OR = 3.06; 95% CI = 1.22 -7.67). It was suggested that to avoid the transmission of BVDV infection in bovine herds in the Sertão of Paraíba, it is important to prevent identified associated risk factors and to perform further studies, identifying persistently infected animals. Key words: BVDV. Control. Viral diseases. Epidemiology. ResumoO vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) tem emergido como um dos mais importantes agentes virais infecciosos em bovinos, sendo considerado endêmico em várias regiões. Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a situação epidemiológica da infecção pelo BVDV em rebanhos bovinos do semiárido paraibano, nordeste do Brasil, pela determinação da frequência de anticorpos anti-BVDV animais soropositivos e a frequência de soropositividade por propriedade variou de 4,5% a 85,7%. Os fatores de risco identificados foram: área ≤ 120 ha (OR = 3,06; IC 95% = 1,43 -6,53), alta densidade de animais (OR = 3,48; IC 95% = 1,24 -9,79), idade ao desmame até 60 dias (OR = 10,99; IC 95% = 1,31 -91,9), permuta de animais (OR = 4,95; IC 95% = 2,08 -11,8), mortalidade de bezerros > 5% (OR = 2,33; IC 95% = 1,07 -5,11) e utilização de monta natural mais inseminação artificial (OR = 3,06; IC 95% = 1,22 -7,67). Sugere-se que para evitar a difusão da infecção pelo BVDV em rebanhos bovinos do sertão paraibano é importante a correção dos fatores de risco identificados, bem como é necessário conduzir estudos para a identificação de animais persistentemente infectados. Palavras-chave: BVD. Controle. Doenças virais. Epidemiologia.

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Section: Bovine Viral Diarrhea (Bvd) Is Caused By An Rna-virus Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infection in the semiarid of the state of Paraíba, in the northeast region of Brazil

Marques

Assis

Simões

et al. 2016

SCA

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“…The disease is caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), which reduces production parameters (RODNING et al, 2012) and reproductive efficiency of the herd (GROOMS, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and specificity of indirect ELISA for the detection of antibody titers against BVDV from beef cattle raised in Pará State

Viana¹,

Kzam²,

Monteiro³

et al. 2017

SCA

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The aims of this study were to establish the prevalence of anti-bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antibodies (Ab) in beef cattle raised in Pará state, to compare the prevalence of seropositive animals to BVDV using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (iELISA) and the virus neutralization (VN) test, and finally, to determine the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the iELISA for the detection of anti-BVDV Ab using VN as a gold standard. A total of 400 serum blood samples from Nelore cows aged at least 24 months from five farms in the Pará state from two mesoregions VN) and between the different farms (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). The statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 5%. The prevalence of seropositive animals was found to be different (P < 0.0001) using VN (39.25% [157/400]) and iELISA (54.50% [218/400] 25.93% (63/243) of the samples were considered false-positive and 1.27% false-negative (2/157). It was concluded that the BVDV infection is present in beef cattle herds of the state of Para. Based on the speed of execution, ease of handling, and high Se of the iELISA, it is suggested that this assay can be used as a screening test for the detection of anti-BVDV Ab with the aim of eliminating infected animals from large herds of beef cattle.

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“…Many of them die before the age of 6 months, but some survive through to the adulthood and are used in the reproduction of the herd, which contributes to the continuity of epizootic process [27][28][29]. High seropositive rates in the most susceptible to the viral infection age-sex groups suggest its circulation in the herd, as well as the presence of PI animals [24,30].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Bovine Viral Diarrhea Indicators in the Cattle on the Big Dairy Farms in Siberia

Глотов¹,

Glotova²,

Семенова³

et al. 2016

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tThe Russian livestock industry, notably the dairy cattle industry, is currently facing serious changes. The number of large dairy farms, counting from up 1,500 dairy cows with an average annual milk production of about 12,000 kg, is increasing. Extensive movement of animals from multiple sources bears the risk of introduction of infectious diseases including bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), an economically significant disease caused by BVD virus (BVDV). BVDV is a member of the Pestivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae, and presented the types 1 and 2 and cytopathic or noncytopathic biotypes. Infection of not immune to the virus heifers and cows results in an unsuccessful fertilization, repeated coming in heat, and, at early stages of pregnancy, in infertility, fetal mortality, abortion and stillbirth, arising due to the dysfunction of the ovaries, uterus inflammation and direct impact on the embryo. The pathogen also causes fetal immunotolerance infection, leading to the birth of persistently infected (PI) calves becoming permanent endogenous source of the pathogen in the herd. The aim of our work was to identify the main gender and age groups of cattle at the highest risk of virus infection to be a kind of indicators for type 1 BVDV circulation on dairy complexes. This research was carried out in 2006-2014 on Holstein-Friesian cows from six large dairy farms in Siberia (Tyumen region), where the specific prevention of the disease has not been conducted. Model age and gender groups of 100-400 cows were tested for the presence of PI animals. In this, the imported animals at quarantine and during the next 5 years were epizootically surveyed with regard to health parameters, morbidity, mortality, and gynaecologic pathology including repeated coming in heat, barrenness, abortion and stillbirth. Additionally, we used serological tests and PCR. It was found that up to 8.8 % per 100 imported heifers were PI BVDV carriers at risk to produce PI calves. The first generation heifers respond to 71.4 % seroconversion to the virus within 1-3 months after artificial insemination, and dry heifers are the most susceptible to infection. These animals may be an indicator of virus circulation in the dairy herd and the risk of producing PI calves. A total of 10.6 % heifers, 8.8 % dry heifers and 5.5 % calves born from them were the PI carriers, which is higher than in cows of lactations 2 and 3. The portion of PI animals among these cows was 1.6 %, while in calves born from them it reached 3.7 %. For heifers, the virus genome was mostly detected in organs of aborted fetuses on months 4 to 6 (40.0 %) and 6 to 9 (24.0 %) of gestation, and in stillbirth calves (29.2 %). For cows, these parameters were 17.5 %, 10.3 % and 20.5 %, respectively. The frequency of viral RNA detection in the vaginal and uterine discharge amounted to 29.0 % and 13.5 %, respectively. Thus, when importing animals for big dairy farms, mass reproductive problems occur for a certain period. Its duration depends on a number of factors. These are animal ...

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Reproductive and economic impact following controlled introduction of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus into a naive group of heifers

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Risk factors associated with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infection in the semiarid of the state of Paraíba, in the northeast region of Brazil

Risk factors associated with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infection in the semiarid of the state of Paraíba, in the northeast region of Brazil

Sensitivity and specificity of indirect ELISA for the detection of antibody titers against BVDV from beef cattle raised in Pará State

The Bovine Viral Diarrhea Indicators in the Cattle on the Big Dairy Farms in Siberia

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