Reproductive biology of a deep-sea brittle star Amphiura carchara (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Hendler, Gordon; Tran, Lilian

doi:10.1007/s002270000446

Cited by 26 publications

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“…Müller 1776) only reach sexual maturity at 6 mm dd (Mortensen ; Buchanan ), while the gonochoric brooding ophiuroid Amphiura carchara H.L. Clark 1911 shows a similar size distribution of brooding and non‐brooding individuals as found in A. capensis (Hendler & Tran ). As observed in A. carchara , larger size classes of A. capensis (>5.5 mm dd) are dominated by brooding individuals, but also the largest individuals do not brood constantly, indicating the occurrence of pregnancy recovery phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although from two different families, the Amphiuridae and Ophiodermatidae, respectively, both species showed a similar orientation of brooded young, with their mouths facing upwards and pressed against the bursal wall. In a study with >300 brooded young, this position has been interpreted as a measure to take up nutrients from the mother's tissue (Hendler & Tran ). Although the full mechanisms are not fully understood, parental nourishment is the only way to explain the large size attained by young in brooding brittle stars, where a main source of the nutrient provision is likely to be the bursal wall (Turner & Dearborn ; Walker & Lesser ; Hendler ; Landschoff & Griffiths ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonality and 3D‐visualization of brooding in the hermaphroditic ophiuroid Amphiura capensis

MacKinnon

Landschoff

Griffiths

2017

Invertebrate Biology

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This article describes the reproductive biology and developing young of Amphiura capensis, a small brooding brittle star found in the intertidal zones of Namibia and South Africa. Each month from October 2014 to September 2015, 20 specimens were collected from Mouille Point, Cape Town, South Africa, and dissected for internal examination of brooding characteristics. Disc diameters of 238 analyzed adults ranged 2.5–8.7 mm, with a mean of 6.15 mm (SD = 1.10 mm). Brooding was exhibited in 60.5% of all sampled individuals, of which 30.6% contained young of only one of six subjectively chosen size classes, 31.9% contained two size classes, and the rest (37.5%) contained more than two size classes at the same time. Young within the same bursa were commonly of the same size class, which suggests sequential brooding. However, multiple size classes of young were often present within different bursae of the same parent, which thus exhibited characteristics of both sequential and simultaneous brooding. Of 584 brooded young retrieved from dissections, an average of 2.5 (SD = 3.2) and a maximum of 14 young were recorded within a single parent. As no larval stages were observed, development was assumed to be direct. Three‐dimensional visualizations of μCT scans revealed the positions of the brooded young to be quite different from those in other species, facing with their mouths downwards instead of upwards, and not all pressed against the adult's bursal wall. Brooding occurred throughout the year, but numbers of young peaked in austral winter, coinciding with warmer water temperatures at this site. The duration of brooded development was estimated to be ~6 months, comparable with other species with similar reproductive biology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality and 3D‐visualization of brooding in the hermaphroditic ophiuroid Amphiura capensis

MacKinnon

Landschoff

Griffiths

2017

Invertebrate Biology

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“…Their members are scavengers and predators, and are among the largest ophiuroids on coral reefs (disc diameter >45 mm) (Morin 1988). As typical of brooding ophiuroids, specimens of Ophiopeza spinosa are small (disc diameter<10 mm) in comparison with confamilial ophiodermatids (Hendler 1991; Hendler & Tran 2001). Several echinoderm taxa on the GBR have been discovered to be species complexes, with new species discerned by differences in morphology, life history, and molecular phylogeny (O'Hara et al 2004; Byrne & Walker 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brooding of pelagic‐type larvae in Ophiopeza spinosa: reproduction and development in a tropical ophiodermatid brittlestar

Byrne

Cisternas

O'Hara

2007

Invertebrate Biology

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Abstract. Ophiopeza spinosa, a small ophiodermatid ophiuroid, is locally abundant in shallow water rubble habitat at Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. This species is a protantric hermaphrodite. The switch from reproduction as a male to a female is progressive, involving a simultaneous hermaphrodite as a transitional stage. Members of O. spinosa brood their young in the respiratory bursae. Cohorts of eggs (280 μm diameter) develop synchronously in the gonad and are spawned as a group into the bursa. Despite non‐pelagic development, the larvae of O. spinosa are a vitellaria type typical of broadcast‐spawning ophiodermatids, providing a link to an ancestral form with a dispersive larva. The vitellaria has prominent ciliary bands and swims in the same manner as pelagic vitellaria. In vitro, the larvae developed to the juvenile stage independent of the parent. There was no evidence of extraembryonic nutrition; a proportion of the maternal provisions were retained through metamorphosis. This is the first ophiuroid known to brood a pelagic‐type vitellaria larva. Juveniles appear to leave the parent at the two‐ to three‐arm segment stage, slightly larger than the newly settled juveniles of ophiodermatids with pelagic vitellariae. The presence of functional larvae in the bursa suggests a recent switch to the incubatory life history in O. spinosa and the possibility of a reversal back to a dispersive life history. O. spinosa have the potential to both brood and broadcast their young.

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“…Although the relationship between the ophiocomid species remains to be determined for assessment of pathways of change, we availed of the range of egg sizes in the species investigated here for a comparative study of egg morphology and modifications associated with the switch to lecithotrophic development. This study contributes to our understanding of evo-devo in the Ophiuroidea, a highly diverse class of echinoderms, with data on reproduction and development known only for a very small percentage of species (Hendler 1991;Hendler and Tran 2001). Table 1 gives an overview of the sample months and methods used.…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 98%

Reproductive biology of four ophiocomid ophiuroids in tropical and temperate Australia – reproductive cycle and oogenic strategies in species with different modes of development

Falkner

Barbosa

Byrne

2013

Invertebrate Reproduction & Development

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The Ophiocomidae, a species-rich family of ophiuroid echinoderms, encompasses a range of developmental modes. We investigated the reproductive biology of four species: Ophiocoma dentata with planktotrophic development and a small egg, and three species with lecithotrophic development and eggs that differ in size (Clarkcoma pulchra, C. canaliculata and O. endeani). Reproduction was investigated by in situ observations, spawning trials and/or gonad histology. Gonad histology of O. dentata from the Northern and Southern Great Barrier Reef indicated that spawning occurs for six to seven months from January to June/July. Gonads of O. endeani, an endemic of subtropical New South Wales, were mature from December to February. In situ observations of two populations of C. pulchra and C. canaliculata in the Sydney region indicated they spawn from December to May. Egg morphology showed modifications in oogenesis associated with the evolution of a large egg, particularly in enhanced deposition of lipid. The eggs of O. dentata, a planktotrophic developer, contained densely packed, strong periodic acid Schiff's þ yolk granules and were negatively buoyant. The eggs of species with lecithotrophic development were dominated by lipid droplets indicating that the evolutionary modification of oogenesis resulted in differences in yolk granule and lipid droplet distribution potentially influenced by selection for egg buoyancy.

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Reproductive biology of a deep-sea brittle star Amphiura carchara (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonality and 3D‐visualization of brooding in the hermaphroditic ophiuroid Amphiura capensis

Seasonality and 3D‐visualization of brooding in the hermaphroditic ophiuroid Amphiura capensis

Brooding of pelagic‐type larvae in Ophiopeza spinosa: reproduction and development in a tropical ophiodermatid brittlestar

Reproductive biology of four ophiocomid ophiuroids in tropical and temperate Australia – reproductive cycle and oogenic strategies in species with different modes of development

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