The mean nesting sizes, and subsequent reproductive rates, of Arabian Peninsula hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) are significantly smaller than other hawksbill populations.These differences can not presently be explained due to the lack of basic life history information and, consequently, resource managers are unable to realistically manage any hawksbill population. Research, although costly and time consuming, must be initiated to obtain the demographic data needed; age at maturity, sex ratios, mortality, recruitment, migratory patterns, nesting intervals, philopatry, and whether hatchlings return as adults to reproduce on their natal beaches.