Reproductive biology of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica: Juvenile hormone as a pleiotropic master regulator

Schal, Coby; Holbrook, Glenn L.; Bachmann, Jane A.S.; Sevala, Veeresh L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1997)35:4<405::aid-arch5>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 97 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Juvenile hormone has been shown to be an important regulator of pheromone induction in cockroaches [56], and bark beetles [57], but its role in the reproductive behavior in Lepidoptera has not yet been clearly defined [17]. In some species it likely influences the circadian release of PBAN [58], in others it may up-regulate the PBAN-receptor protein in the pheromone gland [59].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of the sex pheromone gland of the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens

et al. 2010

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BackgroundThe chemical components of sex pheromones have been determined for more than a thousand moth species, but so far only a handful of genes encoding enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of these compounds have been identified. For understanding the evolution of moth sexual communication, it is essential to know which genes are involved in the production of specific pheromone components and what controls the variation in their relative frequencies in the pheromone blend. We used a transcriptomic approach to characterize the pheromone gland of the Noctuid moth Heliothis virescens, an important agricultural pest, in order to obtain substantial general sequence information and to identify a range of candidate genes involved in the pheromone biosynthetic pathway.ResultsTo facilitate identifying sets of genes involved in a broad range of processes and to capture rare transcripts, we developed our majority of ESTs from a normalized cDNA library of Heliothis virescens pheromone glands (PG). Combining these with a non-normalized library yielded a total of 17,233 ESTs, which assembled into 2,082 contigs and 6,228 singletons. Using BLAST searches of the NR and Swissprot databases we were able to identify a large number of putative unique gene elements (unigenes), which we compared to those derived from previous transcriptomic surveys of the larval stage of Heliothis virescens. The distribution of unigenes among GO Biological Process functional groups shows an overall similarity between PG and larval transcriptomes, but with distinct enrichment of specific pathways in the PG. In addition, we identified a large number of candidate genes in the pheromone biosynthetic pathways.ConclusionThese data constitute one of the first large-scale EST-projects for Noctuidae, a much-needed resource for exploring these pest species. Our analysis shows a surprisingly complex transcriptome and we identified a large number of potential pheromone biosynthetic pathway and immune-related genes that can be applied to population and systematic studies of Heliothis virescens and other Noctuidae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of the sex pheromone gland of the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens

et al. 2010

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“…It has furthermore been suggested that JH biosynthesis is dependent upon the insect's nutritional status. Hence, JH seems to act in concert with the insulin and TOR signaling pathways in regulating nutrient allocation in relation to reproductive physiology (Schal et al, 1997; Noriega, 2004; Hernandez-Martinez et al, 2007; Nouzova et al, 2011; Clifton and Noriega, 2012; Perez-Hedo et al, 2013). Further information that links the insulin/TOR signaling pathways, JH synthesis and nutrition comes from honeybee studies.…”

Section: The Isp and Female Reproductive Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eat to reproduce: a key role for the insulin signaling pathway in adult insects

Badisco¹,

Wielendaele²,

Broeck³

2013

Front. Physiol.

138

140

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Insects, like all heterotrophic organisms, acquire from their food the nutrients that are essential for anabolic processes that lead to growth (larval stages) or reproduction (adult stage). In adult females, this nutritional input is processed and results in a very specific output, i.e., the production of fully developed eggs ready for fertilization and deposition. An important role in this input-output transition is attributed to the insulin signaling pathway (ISP). The ISP is considered to act as a sensor of the organism's nutritional status and to stimulate the progression of anabolic events when the status is positive. In several insect species belonging to different orders, the ISP has been demonstrated to positively control vitellogenesis and oocyte growth. Whether or not ISP acts herein via a mediator action of lipophilic insect hormones (ecdysteroids and juvenile hormone) remains debatable and might be differently controlled in different insect orders. Most likely, insulin-related peptides, ecdysteroids and juvenile hormone are involved in a complex regulatory network, in which they mutually influence each other and in which the insect's nutritional status is a crucial determinant of the network's output. The current review will present an overview of the regulatory role of the ISP in female insect reproduction and its interaction with other pathways involving nutrients, lipophilic hormones and neuropeptides.

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“…On glucose-free diets, GA and WT males reach sexual maturity at the same age43, and differences in male sexual maturation are therefore not likely to explain the changes in population structure. However, if WT females mated selectively with WT males, it is possible that some GA females mated with already mated WT males, received little sperm, and therefore aborted their first oötheca which would delay the production of offspring by this genotype as females would require about 15 days until they were sexually receptive again48.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At seven days of age, one WT male and one GA male taken from across the four respective culture containers were introduced overnight to each female and removed the following morning. Male cockroaches deposit a spermatophore in the female’s bursa copulatrix which prevents a second male from mating the female until the spermatophore is dropped after about 12 hours4748. This is enough time to prevent females from re-mating within our experimental procedure, and we could therefore be confident that the offspring produced by a female were sired by only one of the two males.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of a sugar-rejecting cockroach genotype under various dietary regimes

Jensen

Wada‐Katsumata

Schal

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Glucose-aversion is a heritable trait that evolved in a number of German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) populations in response to strong selection with glucose-containing insecticide baits. However, in the absence of glucose-containing bait, glucose-averse (GA) cockroaches have lower performance than wild-type (WT) cockroaches in several fitness-determining traits. We allocated 48 caged populations initiated with homozygous GA and WT adults to four dietary treatments consisting of either pure rodent chow, rodent chow mixed to yield a content of either 20% glucose or 20% fructose, or a treatment consisting of choice between the 20% glucose- and the 20% fructose-containing food. After 6 months we found significantly higher frequency of WT individuals in populations restricted to the 20% glucose food, and after 12 months all dietary treatments contained significantly more WT individuals than expected. In accompanying experiments, we found lower survival and longer development time of GA nymphs restricted to glucose-containing food. We furthermore found evidence for assortative mating of females with males from their own genotype, with significant differences within WT cockroaches. Our study shows experimental evidence that within heterogeneous populations, WT German cockroaches will over time prevail in abundance over GA individuals, even when glucose is not a dietary component.

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Reproductive biology of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica: Juvenile hormone as a pleiotropic master regulator

Cited by 97 publications

References 57 publications

Transcriptome analysis of the sex pheromone gland of the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens

Transcriptome analysis of the sex pheromone gland of the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens

Eat to reproduce: a key role for the insulin signaling pathway in adult insects

Persistence of a sugar-rejecting cockroach genotype under various dietary regimes

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