Reproductive biology of Ziziphus mistol Griseb. (Rhamnaceae), a wild fruit tree of saline environments

Cerino, María Carolina; Richard, Geraldina Alicia; Torretta, Juan Pablo; Gutiérrez, Hugo Francisco; Pensiero, José F.

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2014.12.002

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Studies of other Ziziphus species also show generalist pollinator systems [e.g. Z. celata (Weekley & Race, 2001), Z. mauritiana (Mishra et al, 2004), Z. joazeiro (Nadia et al, 2007), and Z. mistol (Cerino et al, 2015)]. Despite this generalist pollination system, our study confirmed that the high levels of landscape degradation in this area are modifying the composition, abundance, and pollination service of wild insect visitors to Z. lotus; while minor effects of within-habitat remnant degradation were detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat loss and degradation due to farming intensification modify the floral visitor assemblages of a semiarid keystone shrub

González‐Robles

Salido

Manzaneda

et al. 2020

Ecological Entomology

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1. The expansion of intensive agriculture has severely altered landscapes, a process that has been aggravated by the increase of greenhouse agriculture. However, few studies have considered the combined effects of habitat loss/degradation and greenhouse farming on insect visitors to native plants. 2. We analysed how habitat loss/degradation and greenhouse farming are related to the composition, abundance, and richness of the insect assemblages visiting flowers in a semiarid keystone shrub (Ziziphus lotus) in southeast Spain, home to Europe's largest area of greenhouses. We studied 21 populations distributed across a gradient of greenhouse intensification and habitat loss. 3. The composition, abundance, and richness of the Ziziphus insect assemblage substantially varied between populations and were differently affected by natural habitat-remnant and landscape degradation and population isolation. 4. Insect abundance was negatively affected by habitat loss at population level but positively affected at individual Ziziphus scale. Honey-bee relative abundance increased in highly degraded landscapes and isolated populations, being positively associated with hoverflies and negatively with ants and bee-flies. Wild bees, carrion flies, and wasps remain neutral along the degradation axes. Insect visitor abundance per plant affected positively the flower visitation rate, which was also favoured by the relative abundance of honey bees, wild bees, and hoverflies. Species richness was not influenced by anthropogenic degradation, and did not affect flower visitation rate. 5. Our results highlight the fragility of wild pollinator communities to landscape and habitat degradation, and the need to regulate intensive farming practices to preserve wild insect pollinator assemblages in semiarid habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat loss and degradation due to farming intensification modify the floral visitor assemblages of a semiarid keystone shrub

González‐Robles

Salido

Manzaneda

et al. 2020

Ecological Entomology

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“…The most common mating system within the Rhamnaceae is hermaphroditism combined with protandry and self-incompatibility (Routley et al, 2004). Heterodichogamy within the family is limited to some (Asatryan and Tel-Zur, 2013), but not all (Cerino et al, 2015) species of Ziziphus . Andromonoecy (the production of both bisexual and male flowers on the same plant individual) is reported in the genera Alphitonia , Colubrina , and Trevoa , but such a breeding system has not been proposed as an intermediate step in the evolution of dioecy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinator Behavior Drives Sexual Specializations in the Hermaphrodite Flowers of a Heterodichogamous Tree

et al. 2019

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Dioecy, the specialization of individuals into either male-only or female-only sexual function, has multiple evolutionary origins in plants. One proposed ancestral mating system is heterodichogamy, two morphs of cross-fertilizing hermaphrodite flowers that differ in their timing of flowering. Previous research suggested that small specializations in these morphs’ functional genders could facilitate their evolution into separate sexes. We tested the possible role of pollinators in driving such specializations. Ziziphus spina-christi is an insect-pollinated heterodichogamous tree with self-incompatible flowers and two sympatric flowering morphs. We compared the flower development patterns, floral food rewards, pollinator visits, and fruit production between the two morphs. Male-phase flowers of Z. spina-christi’s “Early” and “Late” morphs open before dawn and around noon, respectively, and transition into female-phase 7–8 h later. Flowers of both morphs contain similar nectar and pollen rewards, and receive visits by flies (their ancestral pollinators) at similar rates, mostly during the morning. Consequently, the Early morph functions largely as pollen donor. The Late morph, functioning as female in the morning, produces more fruit. We developed an evolutionary probabilistic model, inspired by Z. spina-christi’s reproductive system, to test whether pollinator visit patterns could potentially play a role in an evolutionary transition from heterodichogamy towards dioecy. The model predicts that reproductive incompatibility within flowering morphs promotes their evolution into different sexes. Furthermore, the pollinators’ morning activity drives the Early and Late morphs’ specialization into male and female functions, respectively. Thus, while not required for transitioning from heterodichogamy to dioecy, pollinator-mediated selection is expected to influence which sexual specialization evolves in each of the flowering morphs.

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“…High hermaphrodite to male ratio helps in high production of a cultivar. Inflorescence consists of male and hermaphrodite flower (Pareek, 2001, Singh et al, 1982, Asatryan and Tel-Zur, 2013, Cerinoa et al, 2015. According to Singh et al (1982), Pareek et al (2007) the stamens were well developed with rudimentary style in male flowers.…”

Section: Types Of Flowermentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering Intensity and Sex Ratio of Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)

Adhikary¹,

Kundu²,

Chattopadhayay³

et al. 2019

IJBSM

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is an important fruit crop of economic importance which can be cultivated on marginal lands on a commercial scale, especially in India, where it is indiginious (Arndt et al., 2001). Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae) comprises about 170 species of spiny shrubs and small trees distributed in the warm-temperate and subtropical regions throughout the World (Islam and Simmons, 2006). Ber is a deciduous tree and flowering starts from August to October, its fruit mature from January to March in India (Shukla et al., 2004). Flowering period lasted for about one month long (Mishra et al., 2004). Flowers of Ziziphus are hypanthium (a cup or tube bearing the floral parts above the base of the ovary of the flower) type and inflorescences are cyme or small panicle (Tel-Zur, 2009). The flowers are small and inconspicuous; their most noticeable part is a pale yellow

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Reproductive biology of Ziziphus mistol Griseb. (Rhamnaceae), a wild fruit tree of saline environments

Cited by 19 publications

References 60 publications

Habitat loss and degradation due to farming intensification modify the floral visitor assemblages of a semiarid keystone shrub

Habitat loss and degradation due to farming intensification modify the floral visitor assemblages of a semiarid keystone shrub

Pollinator Behavior Drives Sexual Specializations in the Hermaphrodite Flowers of a Heterodichogamous Tree

Flowering Intensity and Sex Ratio of Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)

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