Reproductive characters of interspecific hybrids between Trifolium repens L. and T. nigrescens Viv.

Marshall, A. H.; Michaelson‐Yeates, T. P. T.; Aluka, P.; Meredith, M. R.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1995.20

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, there are continuous requirements for breeding cultivars of higher quality, better adapted to harsh environments. However, seed production is variable and often low due to a number of reproductive and climatic factors (Marshall et al 1995). Improvement of characters influencing seed production may be achieved by interspecific hybridization with closely related species, as a means of extending the range of heritable variation useful in a breeding program in T. repens (Marshall et al 1995;Hussain et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestors of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), as revealed by isozyme polymorphisms

et al. 2002

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Isozymes were used to study the putative ancestors of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.). Ten enzymes were examined, and 18 loci were resolved via starch-gel electrophoresis for accessions representing T. repens, Trifolium isthmocarpum, Trifolium nigrescens, Trifolium occidentale and Trifolium uniflorum, in addition to two more distantly related species, Trifolium alpinum and Trifolium purseglovei. Nei's genetic identities indicate that T. uniflorum and T. nigrescens are the closest relatives of T. repens. The isozyme data thus support a hypothesis that the two genomes of the tetraploid T. repens could have been derived from hybridization between T. nigrescens and T. uniflorum. This conclusion is further supported by shared alleles between T. repens, T. nigrescens and T. uniflorum. However, the origin of T. repens is somewhat obscured by the presence of shared alleles between T. repens and both T. occidentale and T. isthmocarpum, suggesting that introgression of genes from the latter two species into T. repens may also have taken place. High values of genetic identity are shared between T. occidentale with T. nigrescens and T. uniflorum, also indicative of introgression. Alternatively the presence of shared alleles among the five species may reflect their recent common ancestry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestors of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), as revealed by isozyme polymorphisms

et al. 2002

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“…Bieb., for the desirable traits such as rhizomatous habitus (Paplauskiene et al 2004), persistence and tolerance to moisture stress (Marshall et al 2001), clover cyst nematode resistance (Hussain et al 1997) and T. repens and T. hybridum for reproductive traits (as a means of improving the seed yield) presented by Marshall et al 1995Marshall et al , 1998Marshall et al , 2002. However, there have been no reports on hybrid plants being used as germplasm in conventional breeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of morphological and agronomic traits in hybrids of Trifolium pratense × T. medium and a comparison with the parental species

Jakešová¹,

Řepková²,

Hampel³

et al. 2011

CZECH J GENET PLANT

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Trifolium pratense L. is a high-yielding and high-quality fodder crop. However, it shows low persistence, which may be overcome by hybridisation with species that produce rhizomes. Hybrids between T. pratense L. and T. medium L. were previously obtained by embryo rescue. The aim of this study was to evaluate 16 characteristics (stem weight, stem length, internode number, length/width ratio of a central leaflet of the trifoliate leaf on the 4 th internode, stem thickness on the 4 th internode, average leaf area of the trifoliate leaf, weight of dry plant, was significantly higher in the hybrids compared to both parental species, which could have a positive impact on the yield. Short rhizomes were observed in the hybrids after the harvest of plants in the second harvest year. The stability of this trait and its impact on the perenniality of the hybrids will be investigated in the next years.Keywords: interspecific hybrids; morphological traits; persistence; red clover; rhizomes; zigzag cloverThe red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a widespread forage crop in the Czech Republic as well as in the rest of Europe. It is a high-yielding and high-quality fodder crop from the aspect of both nutrient content and ensilage suitability. Red clover has a high content of proteins, water-soluble carbohydrates, tannins, polyphenol oxidase and polyunsaturated fatty acids.Clover breeding is aimed at the production of fresh and dry matter that is of high quality combined with satisfactory seed yields. Polyploidy induction (tetraploidy 2n = 4x = 28) in red clover is useful for obtaining varieties with higher fodder production compared to diploids because autoploidy increases the cell size, especially in meristematic tissues, and the autoploids usually

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“…Improved resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita [76] and to the clover cyst nematode Heterodera trifolii [77], as well as increased flowering and seed set [78] were achieved by crossing white clover with T. nigrescens. The rhizomatous trait could also be introgressed into white clover by crossing with T. ambiguum (2n = 4x = 32) [79].…”

Section: T Repens and Its Putative Progenitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Genomic Resources in the Species of Trifolium L. and Its Application in Forage Legume Breeding

2012

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Clovers (genus Trifolium) are a large and widespread genus of legumes. A number of clovers are of agricultural importance as forage crops in grassland agriculture, particularly temperate areas. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is used in grazed pasture and red clover (T. pratense L.) is widely cut and conserved as a winter feed. For the diploid red clover, genetic and genomic tools and resources have developed rapidly over the last five years including genetic and physical maps, BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) end sequence and transcriptome sequence information. This has paved the way for the use of genome wide selection and high throughput phenotyping in germplasm development. For the allotetraploid white clover progress has been slower although marker assisted selection is in use and relatively robust genetic maps and QTL (quantitative trait locus) information now exist. For both species the sequencing of the model legume Medicago truncatula gene space is an important development to aid genomic, biological and evolutionary studies. The first genetic maps of another species, subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) have also been published and its comparative genomics with red clover and M. truncatula conducted. Next generation sequencing brings the potential to revolutionize clover genomics, but international consortia and effective use of germplasm, novel population structures and phenomics will be required to carry out effective translation into breeding. Another avenue for clover genomic and genetic improvement is interspecific hybridization. This approach has considerable potential with regard to crop improvement but also opens windows of opportunity for studies of biological and evolutionary processes.

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Reproductive characters of interspecific hybrids between Trifolium repens L. and T. nigrescens Viv.

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Ancestors of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), as revealed by isozyme polymorphisms

Ancestors of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), as revealed by isozyme polymorphisms

Variation of morphological and agronomic traits in hybrids of Trifolium pratense × T. medium and a comparison with the parental species

Development of Genomic Resources in the Species of Trifolium L. and Its Application in Forage Legume Breeding

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