Reproductive Effects of Environmental Agents

Field, Betts; Selub, M.R.; Hughes, Claude L.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021422

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Probably most important have been the overall change in diet and the increasing use of environmental chemicals, many of which are weak estrogens (23,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Declining Semen Quality and Increasing Incidence of Testicular Cancer: Is There a Common Cause?

Carlsen¹,

Giwercman²,

Keiding³

et al. 1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Male reproduction has been given little attention in science and in medical practice. However, a recent metaanalysis on semen quality, which clearly pointed to a decrease over the past 50 years, has been repeatedly quoted. Three recent reports have found that semen quality has declined among candidate semen donors during the past 20 years. The evidence of decline in the quality of semen is not the only indicator that the human testis is at risk. During the past 50 years, cancer of the testis has also become more common. This is a disorder of young men, and it is associated with a high rate of other abnormalities of the testis including undescended testis and poor semen quality. Furthermore, the incidence of both hypospadias and undescended testis has been reported to be rising in the general population. We believe that the evidence of declining semen quality should be seen in the light of these trends in other reproductive disorders of men. However, the etiology is unknown. A recent hypothesis that links the trends in the health of the male reproductive system to xenoestrogens in the environment is discussed. -Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 7): 137-139(1995)

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“…Probably most important have been the overall change in diet and the increasing use of environmental chemicals, many of which are weak estrogens (23,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Declining Semen Quality and Increasing Incidence of Testicular Cancer: Is There a Common Cause?

Carlsen¹,

Giwercman²,

Keiding³

et al. 1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…In Belgium, over 40% of candidate donors since 1990 exhibited subnormal sperm characteristics, against only 5% of the group investigated before 1980 [8]. Male reproductive abnormalities may be due to increasing exposure to environmental chemicals, many of which are weak estrogens [7,11], such as p-NP [22,27]. Figure 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LETHAL DOSE AND REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OFp-NONYLPHENOL IN RATS

Jager

Bornman

Wandrag

et al. 2001

Archives of Andrology

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Male reproductive abnormalities may be due to an increased level of maternal estrogens affecting the developing fetus. Man is exposed to environmental estrogens in multiple ways: diet, drinking water, air, and skin, para-Nonylphenol (p-NP), an alkylphenol, has estrogenic properties. This study was performed to evaluate the potency and workable concentrations before reproductive tests could be performed. The oral LD50 (median lethal dose) value for rats was 1475 mg/kg. For both males in the reproductive test the litter size after long-term treatment at 50 mg/kg p-NP was smaller than that in the breeding records. Five females did not conceive at all.

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“…The role of the increase in environmental oestrogen as a possible common denominator to the adverse effects on male reproductive tracts has achieved much emphasis during recent years 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29. The suggested increase of oestrogens or oestrogen-like compounds in past decades may originate from several sources, such as from diet,30 which has gone through many changes in industrialised countries, or from the increasing use of many organochlorides that act like oestrogens31 and may accumulate in fat tissue. It has also been hypothesised that fat tissue may convert certain steroids to oestrogens and that increasing body fat content may lead to an increase in the bioavailability of oestrogens through a decrease in the concentration of sex hormone binding globulin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%