Reproductive Health Policies and Programs in Eight Countries: Progress Since Cairo

Hardee, Karen; Agarwal, Kokila; Luke, Nancy; Wilson, Ellen; Pendzich, Margaret; Farrell, Marguerite; Cross, Harry E.

doi:10.2307/2991865

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Some, albeit limited, research (see Garcia and Parker 2006;Hardee et al 1999) has examined the impact at the country level of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, as well as a number of succeeding conferences on sexual and reproductive rights, and generally has found only very minimal changes in the form of legal codes and national policies. Looking beyond what can be easily measured or qualified allows identifying a number of other, perhaps less obvious influences.…”

Section: Transnational Movements and Grassroots Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinventing Sexual Scripts: Sexuality and Social Change in the Twenty-First Century (The 2008 John H. Gagnon Distinguished Lecture on Sexuality, Modernity and Change)

Parker

2010

Sex Res Soc Policy

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This article focuses on the politics and practice of sexuality in the early twenty-first century. Drawing on a set of case studies from diverse societies in different regions of the world, the author examines both the intersection of and the tension between grassroots struggles for sexual freedom and transnational movements for sexual rights within the broader context of ongoing global transformations. Building on John Gagnon and William Simon's pioneering work on sexual scripts, the author explores the ways in which the rapidly changing politics of sexuality contribute to the reinvention of sexual meanings and intimate relations across a wide range of diverse social settings and contexts.

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Section: Transnational Movements and Grassroots Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinventing Sexual Scripts: Sexuality and Social Change in the Twenty-First Century (The 2008 John H. Gagnon Distinguished Lecture on Sexuality, Modernity and Change)

Parker

2010

Sex Res Soc Policy

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“…(CHMT) to surrender power and resources to the local government authority (District Council). The CHMT demonstrated resistance to the change (Doherty and Rispel, 1995;Hopa et al, 1998;Huff-Rousselle and Akuamoahboateng, 1998;Hardee et al, 1999) resulting in low support for the DC. The annual EPI evaluation meetings of 1999 and 2000 recommended that the reforms were a reason for the falling EPI coverage all over the country (Ministry of Health, 1999).…”

Section: Stakeholders and Their Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralizing EPI services and prospects for increasing coverage: the case of Tanzania

Semali¹,

Tanner

Savigny³

2005

Int. J. Health Plann. Mgmt.

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Primary health Care (PHC) strategies were adopted widely in 1978 after the Alma Ata declaration to improve accessibility to health services and the health of the people. Of the strategies of PHC was the decentralization of health services to lower levels in order to enhance participation and responsiveness of the health system to local problems. While PHC was being promoted vertical programmes such as the expanded programme on immunization (EPI) were also being promoted and achieved substantial benefits. However, almost 25 years later many countries have not been able to achieve these health goals. This study addressed the question: Can we make the process of health care decentralization more likely to support health system and EPI goals? This study analysed the experience of EPI decentralization at national, regional and district levels. Several stakeholders were identified who were supportive and others who were non-supportive of the process. Community support to EPI measured by using willingness to pay (WTP) for kerosene (to keep vaccines cool) was low. It was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with whether providers in the nearest health facility properly attended the target population and whether the providers in the facility were available when needed. There was a substantial stakeholder support and opposition to the process of decentralization at the district level. Community support was not high possibly due to the perceived non-availability of the service providers and their lack of awareness of the population they serve. It was proposed that reforms should give priority to the involvement of communities and peripheral health facility providers in the process.

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“…Infrastructural as well as technological developments of recent decades that saw Bangladesh emerge as a truly "unified" country with intricate interconnected roads, highways and bridges and modern telecommunication facilities (rapid expansion of mobile phones, internet use and electronic media) also contributed significantly to this progress in health. Nevertheless, over the last decade, the pace of progress in women's health has slowed considerably [6,[9][10][11]. For example, the maternal mortality ratio is still considerable higher in rural (230 per 100,000 live births) than in urban areas (178 per 100,000 live births).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bangladesh Health System and the Millennium Development Goals: Strategic Policy Options for Sustained Progress in Maternal and Child Health

Islam¹,

Biswas

2015

EJPM

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Abstract:The timeline set by the United Nations in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) pronounced in the year 2000 is coming to end in 2015. While the United Nations has already came up with a new set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to follow the MDGs, efforts are underway to assess the success and failures of countries in achieving the MDGs. Bangladesh has made tremendous progress in achieving most of the MDGs including those related to maternal and child health. The maternal mortality ratio and the infant mortality rate in Bangladesh declined from 507 and 149 in 1990 to 209 and 53 in 2010 respectively. However, district level review suggests that numerous constraints and challenges confront the health system in sustaining these achievements. Moreover, desegregated data strongly indicate that the progress is even across different regions of the country. Most importantly, significant gaps still persist between the rich and the poor. For example, while the overall IMR is 43 per 1,000 live births among the highest income quintile, the figure is 84 among the lowest income quintile. In other words, Bangladesh must forcefully address regional disparity and rich-poor gap to ensure sustainable and equitable development in all aspects of health. The study identified a few strategic policy directions for this purpose including aggressive pro-poor and sub-national development planning. To ensure availability of and accessibility to primary health care for all, the study strongly argues for the establishment of community clinics throughout the country equipped with skilled midwives and adequate number of community health workers.

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Reproductive Health Policies and Programs in Eight Countries: Progress Since Cairo

Cited by 34 publications

References 2 publications

Reinventing Sexual Scripts: Sexuality and Social Change in the Twenty-First Century (The 2008 John H. Gagnon Distinguished Lecture on Sexuality, Modernity and Change)

Reinventing Sexual Scripts: Sexuality and Social Change in the Twenty-First Century (The 2008 John H. Gagnon Distinguished Lecture on Sexuality, Modernity and Change)

Decentralizing EPI services and prospects for increasing coverage: the case of Tanzania

Bangladesh Health System and the Millennium Development Goals: Strategic Policy Options for Sustained Progress in Maternal and Child Health

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