Reproductive Mechanism and Fertilization in Poultry

Abstract

Significant process has been made in mammalian reproductive biotechnology due to the wellknown reproductive physiology of mammalian animals and in particular the availability of cattle sperm for cryopreservation. Reproductive studies in poultry did not provide much diversity in mammalian animals due to the absence of an oestrus cycle of poultry, poultry oocyte significantly larger than mammalian oocytes, polyspermic fertilization in poultry is a physiological condition, female poultry reproductive organ significantly different from the mammalian organ. Poultry reproduction have specific properties such as, fertilization of poultry in the infundibulum region and occur within a maximum of 15 minutes, to maintain vitality up to 70 days in oviduct, production of eggs in about 25 hours, zona pellucida proteins undergoing a change to perivitelline membrane, lack of capacitation in poultry sperm and these properties creates reproductive differences between poultry and mammals. Knowledge of poultry reproduction and the spread of artificial insemination in poultry will make significant contributions to the poultry meat sector for our country.