Reproductive patterns and birth seasonality in a South-American breeding colony of common marmosets,Callithrix jacchus

Sousa, Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de; Peregrino, Helderes; Cirne, Maria de Fatima Campos; Mota, Maria Teresa da Silva

doi:10.1007/bf02557556

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is especially true of marmosets, the most common type of primate for sale (37% of advertisements). Marmosets regularly produce twins, with triplets also being common in captive colonies [ 75 ] and, with post-partum estrus, they can produce two litters in a single year [ 75 , 76 ]. In fact, marmosets and tamarins have the highest potential fecundity and fertility of any haplorrhine primate [ 76 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pet primates for sale in the United States

Seaboch

Cahoon

2021

PLoS ONE

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Our research goal was to investigate the primate pet trade in the United States. While dogs and cats are the most common type of pet, there are an estimated 15,000 pet primates in the United States and the demand for exotic pets in general has been rising. Most research on pet primates occurs in habitat countries and little is known about these pets in the United States. We collected data from six exotic pet-trade websites twice a month for 12 months. We recorded the type of primate for sale, sex, age, location, and price. We used Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit tests to compare whether the number of male and female pet primates for sale and the number of different age categories of pet primates for sale differed from equality and Spearman Correlation to examine associations between price and size and price and supply. We recorded 551 pet primates for sale between June 2019-June 2020, with 69.1% platyrrhines, 21.6% strepsirrhines, and 8.9% catarrhines. Marmosets were sold most often (36.7%, N = 202) followed by lemurs (21.6%, N = 119), capuchins (11.3%, N = 62), and squirrel monkeys (10.5%, N = 58). Almost two-thirds of the pet primates for sale were male (Chi-Square = 16.056, df = 1, P = 0. 00006) and 78.7% were under one year old (Chi-Square = 440.264, df = 2, P<0.00001). The median price was $3,800 though price was highly variable, even for the same taxa. There are several potential drivers for the primate pet trade, including media influence, fashion/status, and profitable breeding though these are not mutually exclusive. Primates do not make good pets and even when captive-bred, pet primates impact the conservation of their wild counterparts. Advertisement campaigns focusing on disease transmission and legal consequences and a federal ban on pet primate ownership are two avenues to pursue to end the ownership of pet primates in the United States.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pet primates for sale in the United States

Seaboch

Cahoon

2021

PLoS ONE

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“…The long lineages between species in the Distant-Species set means that behaviors may have changed back and forth between seasonal and non-seasonal breeding strategies several times, while the divergent sequences might influence the branch-site model analysis and generate false positives [ 28 ]. To address this problem, we also established a Close-Species set that only included closely-related, non-seasonal (human, gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla , gorGor3.1) [ 29 ], chimpanzee, and cynomolgus monkey), and seasonal-breeding species (orangutan ( Pongo abelii , PPYG2) [ 30 ], Indian rhesus monkey, Chinese rhesus monkey, and marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus , C_jacchus3.2.1) [ 31 ]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analysis of Positively Selected Genes in Seasonal and Non-Seasonal Breeding Species

et al. 2015

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Some mammals breed throughout the year, while others breed only at certain times of year. These differences in reproductive behavior can be explained by evolution. We identified positively-selected genes in two sets of species with different degrees of relatedness including seasonal and non-seasonal breeding species, using branch-site models. After stringent filtering by sum of pairs scoring, we revealed that more genes underwent positive selection in seasonal compared with non-seasonal breeding species. Positively-selected genes were verified by cDNA mapping of the positive sites with the corresponding cDNA sequences. The design of the evolutionary analysis can effectively lower the false-positive rate and thus identify valid positive genes. Validated, positively-selected genes, including CGA, DNAH1, INVS, and CD151, were related to reproductive behaviors such as spermatogenesis and cell proliferation in non-seasonal breeding species. Genes in seasonal breeding species, including THRAP3, TH1L, and CMTM6, may be related to the evolution of sperm and the circadian rhythm system. Identification of these positively-selected genes might help to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying seasonal and non-seasonal reproductive behaviors.

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“…On the other hand, because there are slight photoperiod variations in equatorial regions, other factors such as food availability cycles (Goldman et al, 2004), temperature (Muñoz-Delgado et al, 2004), and rainfall (Sousa et al, 1999) may also contribute to rhythm synchronization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Seasonality on Circadian Motor Activity Rhythm in Common Marmosets During Puberty

Melo

Belísio

Menezes

et al. 2010

Chronobiology International

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The effect of puberty on circadian rhythmicity in nonhuman primates has been little studied, even though it has been demonstrated that puberty-related changes in circadian activity rhythm occur in a number of species, including humans. To characterize the motor activity rhythm during puberty in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), six animals was continuously monitored by actimeters between their 5th and 12th months of age. The animals were housed with their families in outdoor cages under seminatural conditions. Onset of puberty was determined from fecal estrogen and progesterone levels in females and androgen levels in males. The spectral power of the circadian component stabilized later in the last two animals to enter puberty. The bimodal characteristic of the active phase in this species became progressively more apparent over the course of the months in which the mean temperature was highest, irrespective of the animal's age. Although the onset of activity advanced after entry into puberty, this parameter showed a strong correlation with sunrise, indicating that seasonality influences this variable. Neither age nor climatic factors included in the regression model influenced the differences in phase angles between sunrise and onset of activity, and between sunset and offset of activity. Total activity was the only parameter influenced by age in the regression model, showing an increase after entry into puberty. Despite the evidence of pubertal influence on both the circadian component and total activity, under seminatural conditions seasonal factors may have a more important effect on motor activity rhythm in common marmosets.

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Reproductive patterns and birth seasonality in a South-American breeding colony of common marmosets,Callithrix jacchus

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Pet primates for sale in the United States

Pet primates for sale in the United States

Genome-Wide Analysis of Positively Selected Genes in Seasonal and Non-Seasonal Breeding Species

Influence of Seasonality on Circadian Motor Activity Rhythm in Common Marmosets During Puberty

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